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Human Follistatin Quantikine ELISA Kit

Catalog #: DFN00
32 Citations 3 Reviews Datasheet / COA / SDS
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DFN00
Control Products Available
QC20: Quantikine Immunoassay Control Group 3
Human Follistatin ELISA Cell Culture Supernate Standard Curve
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Product Details
Procedure
Citations (32)
FAQs
Supplemental Products
Reviews (3)
Summary Precision Recovery Linearity Data Examples Product Datasheets Preparation and Storage Background Related Research Areas

Human Follistatin Quantikine ELISA Kit Summary

Assay Type
Solid Phase Sandwich ELISA
Format
96-well strip plate
Assay Length
5.5 hours
Sample Type & Volume Required Per Well
Cell Culture Supernates (10 uL), Serum (100 uL), EDTA Plasma (100 uL), Follicular Fluid (10 uL)
Sensitivity
83 pg/mL
Assay Range
250.0 - 16,000 pg/mL (Cell Culture Supernates, Serum, EDTA Plasma, Follicular Fluid)
Specificity
Natural and recombinant human Follistatin
Cross-reactivity
< 0.5% cross-reactivity observed with available related molecules.< 50% cross-species reactivity observed with species tested.
Interference
Interference observed with 1 or more available related molecules.

Product Summary

The Quantikine Human Follistatin Immunoassay is a 5.5 hour solid-phase ELISA designed to measure human Follistatin (FS288, FS300, and FS315) in follicular fluid, cell culture supernates, serum, and plasma. It contains Sf 21-expressed recombinant human Follistatin and antibodies raised against the recombinant factor. It has been shown to accurately quantitate recombinant human Follistatin. Results obtained using natural Follistatin showed linear curves that were parallel to the standard curves obtained using the Quantikine kit standards. These results indicate that this kit can be used to determine relative mass values for natural Follistatin.

Precision

Intra-Assay Precision (Precision within an assay) Three samples of known concentration were tested on one plate to assess intra-assay precision
Inter-Assay Precision (Precision between assays) Three samples of known concentration were tested in separate assays to assess inter-assay precision

Cell Culture Supernates

Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision
Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3
n 20 20 20 40 40 40
Mean (pg/mL) 1850 5363 10734 1645 4850 10256
Standard Deviation 59 136 181 139 312 584
CV% 3.2 2.5 1.7 8.4 6.4 5.7

Serum, EDTA Plasma, Follicular Fluid

Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision
Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3
n 20 20 20 40 40 40
Mean (pg/mL) 1996 6047 11999 1888 5604 11626
Standard Deviation 53 144 239 173 399 918
CV% 2.7 2.4 2 9.2 7.1 7.9

Recovery

The recovery of Follistatin spiked to three different levels in samples throughout the range of the assay in various matrices was evaluated.

Sample Type Average % Recovery Range %
Cell Culture Media (n=4) 97 91-107
EDTA Plasma (n=5) 96 87-102
Serum (n=5) 95 87-104

Linearity

To assess the linearity of the assay, samples containing and/or spiked with high concentrations of Follistatin were diluted with the appropriate Calibrator Diluent to produce samples with values within the dynamic range of the assay.
Human Follistatin ELISA Linearity

Scientific Data

N/A Human Follistatin ELISA Cell Culture Supernate Standard Curve View Larger

Human Follistatin ELISA Cell Culture Supernate Standard Curve

N/A Human Follistatin ELISA Follicular Fluid/Serum/Plasma Standard Curve View Larger

Human Follistatin ELISA Follicular Fluid/Serum/Plasma Standard Curve

Product Datasheets

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Preparation and Storage

Shipping
The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Storage
Store the unopened product at 2 - 8 °C. Do not use past expiration date.

Background: Follistatin

Follistatin (FST) is a secreted glycoprotein that binds and neutralizes several TGF-beta superfamily proteins including Activin, BMP-6, BMP-7, and GDF-8/Myostatin. It also binds Angiogenin and regulates hematopoietic stem cell adhesion to Fibronectin. Some Follistatin binding partners will also bind Follistatin-like proteins such as FSL-3. Of three follistatin isoforms, the full-length mature follistatin (FST315) is the most abundant and the sole form in plasma, but has lower binding affinity for both activins and heparins than alternative forms. The acidic tail is missing in the splice variant FST288, which shows highest affinity, and partial in the proteolytically produced FST303, which shows intermediate affinity. Genetic deletion of follistatin in mice, or expression of only the FST288 form, is lethal perinatally due to defects of lung, skin and musculoskeletal system. Expression of only the FST315 isoform allows survival, with defects in vascularization and female fertility.

Entrez Gene IDs:
10468 (Human); 14313 (Mouse)
Alternate Names:
follistatin isoform FST317; Follistatin; FS; FSActivin-binding protein; FST
⚠ WARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals including N,N-Dimethylforamide, which is known to the State of California to cause cancer. For more information, go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.

Assay Procedure

Refer to the product for complete assay procedure.

The conjugate must remain at 2-8 °C until use. Bring all other reagents and samples to room temperature before use. It is recommended that all samples, standards, and controls be assayed in duplicate.
  1.   Prepare all reagents, standard dilutions, and samples as directed in the product insert.
  2.   Remove excess microplate strips from the plate frame, return them to the foil pouch containing the desiccant pack, and reseal.
    3. 100 µL Assay Diluent
  3.   Add 100 µL of Assay Diluent to each well.
    4. 100 µL Standard, Control, or Sample
  4.   Add 100 µL of Standard, control, or sample to each well. Cover with a plate sealer, and incubate at 2-8 °C for 3 hours.
  5.   Aspirate each well and wash, repeating the process 3 times for a total of 4 washes.
    6. 200 µL cold Conjugate
  6.   Add 200 µL of cold Conjugate to each well. Cover with a new plate sealer, and incubate at 2-8 °C for 2 hours.
  7.   Aspirate and wash 4 times.
    8. 200 µL Substrate Solution
  8.   Add 200 µL Substrate Solution to each well.
  9.   For Cell Culture Supernate Samples: Incubate at room temperature for 20 minutes. PROTECT FROM LIGHT.
    For Serum, Plasma, & Follicular Fluid Samples: Incubate at room temperature for 30 minutes. PROTECT FROM LIGHT.
    10. 50 µL Stop Solution
  10. Add 50 µL of Stop Solution to each well. Read at 450 nm within 30 minutes. Set wavelength correction to 540 nm or 570 nm.

Citations for Human Follistatin Quantikine ELISA Kit

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

32 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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  1. Plasma Myostatin Increases with Age in Male Youth and Negatively Correlates with Vitamin D in Severe Pediatric Obesity
    Authors: M Baumgartne, J Lischka, A Schanzer, C de Gier, NK Walleczek, S Greber-Pla, M Zeyda
    Nutrients, 2022;14(10):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Serum
  2. Decreased myostatin in response to a controlled DASH diet is associated with improved body composition and cardiometabolic biomarkers in older adults: results from a controlled-feeding diet intervention study
    Authors: CA Perry, GP Van Guilde, TA Butterick
    BMC nutrition, 2022;8(1):24.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Plasma
  3. Effects of Resistance Training Intervention along with Leucine-Enriched Whey Protein Supplementation on Sarcopenia and Frailty in Post-Hospitalized Older Adults: Preliminary Findings of a Randomized Controlled Trial
    Authors: M Amasene, C Cadenas-Sa, I Echeverria, B Sanz, C Alonso, I Tobalina, J Irazusta, I Labayen, A Besga
    Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2021;11(1):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Serum
  4. Serum concentrations of oxytocin, DHEA and follistatin are associated with osteoporosis or sarcopenia in community-dwelling postmenopausal women
    Authors: Y Du, C Xu, H Shi, X Jiang, W Tang, X Wu, M Chen, H Li, X Zhang, Q Cheng
    BMC geriatrics, 2021;21(1):542.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Serum
  5. Differences in the Biomarker Profile of De Novo Acute Heart Failure versus Decompensation of Chronic Heart Failure
    Authors: S Nawrocka-M, J Biegus, M Hurkacz, M Guzik, M Rosiek-Bie, EA Jankowska, P Ponikowski, R Zymli?ski
    Biomolecules, 2021;11(11):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Plasma
  6. Elevated circulating follistatin associates with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes
    Authors: C Wu, Y Borné, R Gao, M López Rodr, WC Roell, JM Wilson, A Regmi, C Luan, DM Aly, A Peter, J Machann, H Staiger, A Fritsche, AL Birkenfeld, R Tao, R Wagner, M Canouil, MG Hong, JM Schwenk, E Ahlqvist, MU Kaikkonen, P Nilsson, AC Shore, F Khan, A Natali, O Melander, M Orho-Melan, J Nilsson, HU Häring, E Renström, CB Wollheim, G Engström, J Weng, ER Pearson, PW Franks, MF White, KL Duffin, AA Vaag, M Laakso, N Stefan, L Groop, Y De Marinis
    Nature Communications, 2021;12(1):6486.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  7. Myokine/Adipokine Response to "Aerobic" Exercise: Is It Just a Matter of Exercise Load?
    Authors: Z He, Y Tian, PL Valenzuela, C Huang, J Zhao, P Hong, Z He, S Yin, A Lucia
    Front Physiol, 2019;10(0):691.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Serum
  8. Next-generation muscle-directed gene therapy by in silico vector design
    Authors: S Sarcar, W Tulalamba, MY Rincon, J Tipanee, HQ Pham, H Evens, D Boon, E Samara-Kuk, M Keyaerts, M Loperfido, E Berardi, S Jarmin, P In't Veld, G Dickson, T Lahoutte, M Sampaolesi, P De Bleser, T VandenDrie, MK Chuah
    Nat Commun, 2019;10(1):492.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
  9. Relationship of muscle function to circulating myostatin, follistatin and GDF11 in older women and men
    Authors: E Fife, J Kostka, ? Kroc, A Guligowska, M Pig?owska, B So?tysik, A Kaufman-Sz, K Fabianowsk, T Kostka
    BMC Geriatr, 2018;18(1):200.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Plasma
  10. Myokine Response to High-Intensity Interval vs. Resistance Exercise: An Individual Approach
    Authors: Z He, Y Tian, PL Valenzuela, C Huang, J Zhao, P Hong, Z He, S Yin, A Lucia
    Front Physiol, 2018;9(0):1735.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Serum
  11. Inactivating hepatic follistatin alleviates hyperglycemia
    Authors: R Tao, C Wang, O Stöhr, W Qiu, Y Hu, J Miao, XC Dong, S Leng, M Stefater, N Stylopoulo, L Lin, KD Copps, MF White
    Nat. Med., 2018;0(0):.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Serum
  12. Lifelong exercise, but not short-term high-intensity interval training, increases GDF11, a marker of successful aging: a�preliminary investigation
    Authors: BT Elliott, P Herbert, N Sculthorpe, FM Grace, D Stratton, LD Hayes
    Physiol Rep, 2017;5(13):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Serum
  13. DNA-Mediated Gene Therapy in a Mouse Model of Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy 2B
    Authors: J Ma, C Pichavant, H du Bois, M Bhakta, MP Calos
    Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev, 2017;7(0):123-131.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
  14. In vitro drug testing based on contractile activity of C2C12 cells in an epigenetic drug model
    Authors: K Ikeda, A Ito, R Imada, M Sato, Y Kawabe, M Kamihira
    Sci Rep, 2017;7(0):44570.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  15. Activin A and follistatin in patients with asthma. Does severity make the difference?
    Authors: Stelios Loukides
    Respirology, 2016;0(0):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: BALF
  16. The differential anti-tumour effects of zoledronic acid in breast cancer - evidence for a role of the activin signaling pathway.
    Authors: Wilson C, Ottewell P, Coleman R, Holen I
    BMC Cancer, 2015;15(0):55.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  17. Serum activin A and follistatin levels in gestational diabetes and the association of the Activin A-Follistatin system with anthropometric parameters in offspring.
    Authors: Naf S, Escote X, Ballesteros M, Yanez R, Simon-Muela I, Gil P, Albaiges G, Vendrell J, Megia A
    PLoS ONE, 2014;9(4):e92175.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Serum
  18. Follistatin: a novel therapeutic for the improvement of muscle regeneration.
    Authors: Yaden B, Croy J, Wang Y, Wilson J, Datta-Mannan A, Shetler P, Milner A, Bryant H, Andrews J, Dai G, Krishnan V
    J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 2014;349(2):355-71.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
  19. Follistatin in chondrocytes: the link between TRPV4 channelopathies and skeletal malformations.
    Authors: Leddy H, McNulty A, Lee S, Rothfusz N, Gloss B, Kirby M, Hutson M, Cohn D, Guilak F, Liedtke W
    FASEB J, 2014;28(6):2525-37.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  20. The cancer gene WWOX behaves as an inhibitor of SMAD3 transcriptional activity via direct binding.
    Authors: Ferguson B, Gao X, Zelazowski M, Lee J, Jeter C, Abba M, Aldaz C
    BMC Cancer, 2013;13(0):593.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  21. Relationship between bone mineral density and serum osteoprotegerin in patients with chronic heart failure.
    Authors: Chen Y, Wu Y, Yang W, Wang S, Lee C, Chou N, Hsu R, Lin Y, Lin M, Ho Y, Chen M
    PLoS ONE, 2012;7(8):e44242.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Serum
  22. BRCA1 regulates follistatin function in ovarian cancer and human ovarian surface epithelial cells.
    Authors: Karve TM, Preet A, Sneed R
    PLoS ONE, 2012;7(6):e37697.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  23. Concentration of activin A and follistatin in follicular fluid from human small antral follicles associated to gene expression of the corresponding granulosa cells.
    Authors: Jeppesen JV, Nielsen ME, Kristensen SG, Yding Andersen C
    Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 2011;356(1):48-54.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Follicular Fluid
  24. Exercise induces a marked increase in plasma follistatin: evidence that follistatin is a contraction-induced hepatokine.
    Authors: Hansen J, Brandt C, Nielsen AR, Hojman P, Whitham M, Febbraio MA, Pedersen BK, Plomgaard P
    Endocrinology, 2011;152(1):164-71.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Plasma
  25. Mammalian target of rapamycin regulates miRNA-1 and follistatin in skeletal myogenesis.
    Authors: Sun Y, Ge Y, Drnevich J, Zhao Y, Band M, Chen J
    J. Cell Biol., 2010;189(7):1157-69.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  26. Evaluation of systemic follistatin as an adjuvant to stimulate muscle repair and improve motor function in Pompe mice.
    Authors: Foley JW, Bercury SD, Finn P
    Mol. Ther., 2010;18(9):1584-91.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Recombinant Protein
  27. Adiponectin upregulates monocytic activin A but systemic levels are not altered in obesity or type 2 diabetes.
    Authors: Weigert J, Neumeier M, Wanninger J, Schober F, Sporrer D, Weber M, Schramm A, Wurm S, Stogbauer F, Filarsky M, Schaffler A, Aslanidis C, Scholmerich J, Buechler C
    Cytokine, 2009;45(2):86-91.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  28. The activin A-follistatin system: potent regulator of human extracellular matrix mineralization.
    Authors: Eijken M, Swagemakers S, Koedam M, Steenbergen C, Derkx P, Uitterlinden AG, van der Spek PJ, Visser JA, de Jong FH, Pols HA, van Leeuwen JP
    FASEB J., 2007;21(11):2949-60.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  29. Gene transfer demonstrates that muscle is not a primary target for non-cell-autonomous toxicity in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
    Authors: Miller TM, Kim SH, Yamanaka K, Hester M, Umapathi P, Arnson H, Rizo L, Mendell JR, Gage FH, Cleveland DW, Kaspar BK
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2006;103(51):19546-51.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Blood
  30. Differential gene expression and regulation of the bone morphogenetic protein antagonists follistatin and gremlin in normal and osteoarthritic human chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts.
    Authors: Tardif G, Hum D, Pelletier JP, Boileau C, Ranger P, Martel-Pelletier J
    Arthritis Rheum., 2004;50(8):2521-30.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  31. Follistatin restricts bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 action on the differentiation of osteoblasts in fetal rat mandibular cells.
    Authors: Abe Y, Abe T, Aida Y, Hara Y, Maeda K
    J. Bone Miner. Res., 2004;19(8):1302-7.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  32. Effect of adenovirus-mediated overexpression of follistatin and extracellular domain of activin receptor type II on gonadotropin secretion in vitro and in vivo.
    Authors: Leal AM, Takabe K, Wang L, Donaldson CJ, MacConell LA, Bilezikjian LM, Verma IM, Vale W
    Endocrinology, 2002;143(3):964-9.
    Species: Transgenic Rat
    Sample Types: Serum

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Reviews for Human Follistatin Quantikine ELISA Kit

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Human Follistatin Quantikine ELISA Kit
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Sample Tested: Serum
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Sample Tested: Cell Culture Supernates
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