Human IL-6 Luminex Performance Assay
Human IL-6 Luminex Performance Assay Summary
| Assay Type | bead-based multiplex assay for the Luminex® platform |
| Format | 1 x 96-well microplate and antibody-coated beads |
| Analytes Detected | Please see analyte list in assay customization tool below. |
| Performance Validation | Luminex Assays are validated for use with cell culture supernatants, plasma and serum. All Luminex assays are tested for sensitivity, intra-assay precision, inter-assay precision and to ensure assay linearity for validated sample types. Antibody pairs are selected and tested to confirm the parallel detection of natural and recombinant standard protein and to ensure the accurate determination of target analytes within biological samples. Assays for each target analyte are screened against all target analytes to confirm low antibody cross-reactivity. |
Not finding your analyte of interest? View our complete Luminex offering in the full version of our Luminex Assay Customization Tool. We also offer Custom Luminex Services.
Assays for the Luminex platform are offered as High Performance Assays or Assays. The Luminex High Performance Assays are fully validated panels with a focused selection of analytes. They are available in We Mix, You Mix, and Predetermined formats. The Luminex Assays allows for the maximum number of analytes in a multiplex and is supplied as a premixed kit. View a table comparing the features and benefits of these bead-based multiplex assays.
Background: IL-6
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic, a-helical, 22-28 kDa phosphorylated and variably glycosylated cytokine that plays important roles in the acute phase reaction, inflammation, hematopoiesis, bone metabolism, and cancer progression. Mature human IL-6 is 183 amino acids (aa) in length and shares 39% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat IL-6. Alternative splicing generates several isoforms with internal deletions, some of which exhibit antagonistic properties. Cells known to express IL-6 include CD8+ T cells, fibroblasts, synoviocytes, adipocytes, osteoblasts, megakaryocytes, endothelial cells (under the influence of endothelins), sympathetic neurons, cerebral cortex neurons, adrenal medulla chromaffin cells, retinal pigment cells, mast cells, keratinocytes, Langerhans cells, fetal and adult astrocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, colonic epithelial cells, B1 B cells and pancreatic islet beta cells. IL-6 production is generally correlated with cell activation and is normally kept in control by glucocorticoids, catecholamines, and secondary sex steroids. Normal human circulating IL-6 is in the 1 pg/mL range, with slight elevations during the menstrual cycle, modest elevations in certain cancers, and large elevations after surgery.
IL-6 induces signaling through a cell surface heterodimeric receptor complex composed of a ligand binding subunit (IL-6 R alpha) and a signal transducing subunit (gp130). IL-6 binds to IL-6 Ra, triggering IL-6 Ra association with gp130 and gp130 dimerization. gp130 is also a component of the receptors for CLC, CNTF, CT-1, IL-11, IL-27, LIF, and OSM. Soluble forms of IL-6 Ra are generated by both alternative splicing and proteolytic cleavage. In a mechanism known as trans-signaling, complexes of soluble IL-6 and IL-6 Ra elicit responses from gp130-expressing cells that lack cell surface IL-6 Ra. Trans-signaling enables a wider range of cell types to respond to IL-6, as the expression of gp130 is ubiquitous, while that of IL-6 Ra is predominantly restricted to hepatocytes, monocytes, and resting lymphocytes. Soluble splice forms of gp130 block trans-signaling from IL-6/IL-6 Ra but not from other cytokines that use gp130 as a co-receptor.
IL-6, along with TNF-a and IL-1, drives the acute inflammatory response. IL-6 is almost solely responsible for fever and the acute phase response in the liver, and it is important in the transition from acute inflammation to either acquired immunity or chronic inflammatory disease. When dysregulated, it contributes to chronic inflammation in conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance, inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, and sepsis. IL-6 modulates bone resorption and is a major effector of inflammatory joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis through its promotion of Th17 cell development and activity. It contributes to atherosclerotic plaque development and destabilization as well as the development of inflammation-associated carcinogenesis.
Citations for Human IL-6 Luminex Performance Assay
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Plasma inflammatory cytokines and survival of pancreatic cancer patients
Authors: A Babic, N Schnure, NP Neupane, MM Zaman, N Rifai, MW Welch, LK Brais, DA Rubinson, V Morales-Oy, C Yuan, S Zhang, EM Poole, BM Wolpin, MH Kulke, DA Barbie, K Wong, CS Fuchs, K Ng
Clin Transl Gastroenterol, 2018-04-25;9(4):145.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Identification of Predictive Early Biomarkers for Sterile-SIRS after Cardiovascular Surgery.
Authors: Stoppelkamp S, Veseli K, Stang K, Schlensak C, Wendel H, Walker T
PLoS ONE, 2015-08-11;10(8):e0135527.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Differential cytokine profiles upon comparing selective versus classic glucocorticoid receptor modulation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and inferior turbinate tissue.
Authors: Beck I, Van Crombruggen K, Holtappels G, Daubeuf F, Frossard N, Bachert C, De Bosscher K
PLoS ONE, 2015-04-13;10(4):e0123068.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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C-reactive protein (CRP), interferon gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are associated with risk of tuberculosis after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings.
Authors: Tenforde M, Gupte N, Dowdy D, Asmuth D, Balagopal A, Pollard R, Sugandhavesa P, Lama J, Pillay S, Cardoso S, Pawar J, Santos B, Riviere C, Mwelase N, Kanyama C, Kumwenda J, Hakim J, Kumarasamy N, Bollinger R, Semba R, Campbell T, Gupta A
PLoS ONE, 2015-02-26;10(2):e0117424.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Polycystin deficiency induces dopamine-reversible alterations in flow-mediated dilatation and vascular nitric oxide release in humans.
Authors: Lorthioir A, Joannides R, Remy-Jouet I, Freguin-Bouilland C, Iacob M, Roche C, Monteil C, Lucas D, Renet S, Audrezet M, Godin M, Richard V, Thuillez C, Guerrot D, Bellien J
Kidney Int, 2014-07-16;87(2):465-72.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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The role of NOD2 in murine and human melioidosis.
Authors: Myers N, Chantratita N, Berrington W, Chierakul W, Limmathurotsakul D, Wuthiekanun V, Robertson J, Liggitt H, Peacock S, Skerrett S, West T
J Immunol, 2013-12-02;192(1):300-7.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Survey of innate immune responses to Burkholderia pseudomallei in human blood identifies a central role for lipopolysaccharide.
Authors: Chantratita N, Tandhavanant S, Myers N, Seal S, Arayawichanont A, Kliangsa-Ad A, Hittle L, Ernst R, Emond M, Wurfel M, Day N, Peacock S, West T
PLoS ONE, 2013-11-26;8(11):e81617.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Dietary factors associated with subclinical inflammation among girls.
Authors: Del Mar Bibiloni M, Maffeis C, Llompart I, Pons A, Tur J
Eur J Clin Nutr, 2013-10-23;67(12):1264-70.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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ROS-induced autophagy in cancer cells assists in evasion from determinants of immunogenic cell death.
Authors: Garg, Abhishek, Dudek, Aleksand, Ferreira, Gabriela, Verfaillie, Tom, Vandenabeele, Peter, Krysko, Dmitri V, Mathieu, Chantal, Agostinis, Patrizia
Autophagy, 2013-06-19;9(9):1292-307.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
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Sputum IgE and cytokines in asthma: relationship with sputum cellular profile.
Authors: Manise M, Holtappels G, Van Crombruggen K, Schleich F, Bachert C, Louis R
PLoS ONE, 2013-03-26;8(0):U111.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Sputum
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Inflammation induced by MMP-9 enhances tumor regression of experimental breast cancer.
Authors: Leifler K, Svensson S, Abrahamsson A, Bendrik C, Robertson J, Gauldie J, Olsson A, Dabrosin C
J Immunol, 2013-03-15;190(8):4420-30.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Inflammatory markers and metabolic syndrome among adolescents.
Eur J Clin Nutr, 2012-08-22;66(10):1141-5.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Role of toll like receptors in irritable bowel syndrome: differential mucosal immune activation according to the disease subtype.
Authors: Belmonte L, Beutheu Youmba S, Bertiaux-Vandaele N, Antonietti M, Lecleire S, Zalar A, Gourcerol G, Leroi A, Dechelotte P, Coeffier M, Ducrotte P
PLoS ONE, 2012-08-17;7(8):e42777.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
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REDD1 protects osteoblast cells from gamma radiation-induced premature senescence.
Authors: Li XH, Ha CT, Fu D, Xiao M
PLoS ONE, 2012-05-18;7(5):e36604.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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The degree of leukocytosis and urine GATA-3 mRNA levels are risk factors for severe acute kidney injury in Puumala virus nephropathia epidemica.
Authors: Libraty DH, Makela S, Vlk J, Hurme M, Vaheri A, Ennis FA, Mustonen J
PLoS ONE, 2012-04-16;7(4):e35402.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Evaluation of the role of Candida albicans agglutinin-like sequence (Als) proteins in human oral epithelial cell interactions.
Authors: Murciano C, Moyes DL, Runglall M, Tobouti P, Islam A, Hoyer LL, Naglik JR
PLoS ONE, 2012-03-12;7(3):e33362.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Elevated cerebral spinal fluid cytokine levels in boys with cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy correlates with MRI severity.
Authors: Lund TC, Stadem PS, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Raymond G, Miller WP, Tolar J, Orchard PJ
PLoS ONE, 2012-02-16;7(2):e32218.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Effects of methylprednisolone infusion on markers of inflammation, coagulation, and angiogenesis in early acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Authors: Seam N, Meduri GU, Wang H, Nylen ES, Sun J, Schultz MJ, Tropea M, Suffredini AF
Crit. Care Med., 2012-02-01;40(2):495-501.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Candida albicans yeast and hyphae are discriminated by MAPK signaling in vaginal epithelial cells.
Authors: Moyes DL, Murciano C, Runglall M, Islam A, Thavaraj S, Naglik JR
PLoS ONE, 2011-11-08;6(11):e26580.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Macrophage infiltration predicts a poor prognosis for human ewing sarcoma.
Authors: Fujiwara T, Fukushi J, Yamamoto S, Matsumoto Y, Setsu N, Oda Y, Yamada H, Okada S, Watari K, Ono M, Kuwano M, Kamura S, Iida K, Okada Y, Koga M, Iwamoto Y
Am. J. Pathol., 2011-07-21;179(3):1157-70.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines Predominate in Acute Human Plasmodium knowlesi Infections.
Authors: Cox-Singh J, Singh B, Daneshvar C, Planche T, Parker-Williams J, Krishna S
PLoS ONE, 2011-06-08;6(6):e20541.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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The novel antisense Bcl-2 inhibitor SPC2996 causes rapid leukemic cell clearance and immune activation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Authors: Durig J, Duhrsen U, Klein-Hitpass L, Worm J, Hansen JB, Orum H, Wissenbach M
Leukemia, 2011-03-01;25(4):638-47.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients: Action LADA 4.
Authors: Pham MN, Hawa MI, Pfleger C, Roden M, Schernthaner G, Pozzilli P, Buzzetti R, Scherbaum W, Seissler J, Kolb H, Hunter S, Leslie RD, Schloot NC
Diabetologia, 2011-02-24;54(7):1630-8.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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HDAC11 plays an essential role in regulating OX40 ligand expression in Hodgkin lymphoma.
Authors: Buglio D, Khaskhely NM, Voo KS, Martinez-Valdez H, Liu YJ, Younes A
Blood, 2011-01-14;117(10):2910-7.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Lipid-heparin infusion suppresses the IL-10 response to trauma in subcutaneous adipose tissue in humans.
Authors: Ikeoka DT, Pachler C, Mader JK, Bock G, Neves AL, Svehlikova E, Feichtner F, Koehler G, Wrighton CJ, Pieber TR, Ellmerer M
Obesity (Silver Spring), 2010-11-18;19(4):715-21.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Complex Sample Type
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Toll-like receptor 9 signaling by CpG-B oligodeoxynucleotides induces an apoptotic pathway in human chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells.
Authors: Liang X, Moseman EA, Farrar MA
Blood, 2010-03-25;115(24):5041-52.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Serum IL-6: a candidate biomarker for intracranial pressure elevation following isolated traumatic brain injury.
Authors: Hergenroeder GW, Moore AN, McCoy JP
J Neuroinflammation, 2010-03-11;7(0):19.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Validity of multiplex-based assays for cytokine measurements in serum and plasma from "non-diseased" subjects: comparison with ELISA.
Authors: Dossus L, Becker S, Achaintre D, Kaaks R, Rinaldi S
J. Immunol. Methods, 2009-09-10;350(1):125-32.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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The ssRNA genome of human rhinovirus induces a type I IFN response but fails to induce maturation in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells.
Authors: Schrauf C, Kirchberger S, Majdic O, Seyerl M, Zlabinger GJ, Stuhlmeier KM, Sachet M, Seipelt J, Stockl J
J. Immunol., 2009-09-04;183(7):4440-8.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Endothelial dysfunction and specific inflammation in obesity hypoventilation syndrome.
Authors: Borel JC, Roux-Lombard P, Tamisier R, Arnaud C, Monneret D, Arnol N, Baguet JP, Levy P, Pepin JL
PLoS ONE, 2009-08-24;4(8):e6733.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Clinical efficacy and immune regulation with peanut oral immunotherapy.
Authors: Jones SM, Pons L, Roberts JL, Scurlock AM, Perry TT, Kulis M, Shreffler WG, Steele P, Henry KA, Adair M, Francis JM, Durham S, Vickery BP, Zhong X, Burks AW
J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 2009-07-03;124(2):292-300, 300..
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Effect of systemic inflammation on inspiratory and limb muscle strength and bulk in cystic fibrosis.
Authors: Dufresne V, Knoop C, Van Muylem A, Malfroot A, Lamotte M, Opdekamp C, Deboeck G, Cassart M, Stallenberg B, Casimir G, Duchateau J, Estenne M
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 2009-04-02;180(2):153-8.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Scaleable manufacture of HIV-1 entry inhibitor griffithsin and validation of its safety and efficacy as a topical microbicide component.
Authors: O'Keefe BR, Vojdani F, Buffa V, Shattock RJ, Montefiori DC, Bakke J, Mirsalis J, d'Andrea AL, Hume SD, Bratcher B, Saucedo CJ, McMahon JB, Pogue GP, Palmer KE
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2009-03-30;106(15):6099-104.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Simvastatin decreases lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary inflammation in healthy volunteers.
Authors: Shyamsundar M, McKeown ST, O'Kane CM, O'Kane CM, O'Kane CM, O'Kane CM, O'Kane CM, Craig TR, Brown V, Thickett DR, Matthay MA, Taggart CC, Backman JT, Elborn JS, McAuley DF
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 2009-03-26;179(12):1107-14.
Species: Human
Sample Types: BALF
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Cigarette smoke facilitates allergen penetration across respiratory epithelium.
Authors: Gangl K, Reininger R, Bernhard D, Campana R, Pree I, Reisinger J, Kneidinger M, Kundi M, Dolznig H, Thurnher D, Valent P, Chen KW, Vrtala S, Spitzauer S, Valenta R, Niederberger V
Allergy, 2008-12-16;64(3):398-405.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Critical and differential roles of NKp46- and NKp30-activating receptors expressed by uterine NK cells in early pregnancy.
Authors: El Costa H, Casemayou A, Aguerre-Girr M, Rabot M, Berrebi A, Parant O, Clouet-Delannoy M, Lombardelli L, Jabrane-Ferrat N, Rukavina D, Bensussan A, Piccinni MP, Le Bouteiller P, Tabiasco J
J. Immunol., 2008-09-01;181(0):3009-17.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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An evaluation of commercial fluorescent bead-based luminex cytokine assays.
Authors: Djoba Siawaya JF, Roberts T, Babb C, Black G, Golakai HJ, Stanley K, Bapela NB, Hoal E, Parida S, van Helden P, Walzl G
PLoS ONE, 2008-07-02;3(7):e2535.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Immunomodulatory properties of a viral homolog of human interleukin-10 expressed by human cytomegalovirus during the latent phase of infection.
Authors: Jenkins C, Garcia W, Godwin MJ, Spencer JV, Stern JL, Abendroth A, Slobedman B
J. Virol., 2008-01-23;82(7):3736-50.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Simvastatin attenuates release of neutrophilic and remodeling factors from primary bronchial epithelial cells derived from stable lung transplant recipients.
Authors: Murphy DM, Forrest IA, Corris PA, Johnson GE, Small T, Jones D, Fisher AJ, Egan JJ, Cawston TE, Ward C, Lordan JL
Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol., 2008-01-18;294(3):L592-9.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Defining cancer cachexia in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Authors: Richey LM, George JR, Couch ME, Kanapkey BK, Yin X, Cannon T, Stewart PW, Weissler MC, Shores CG
Clin. Cancer Res., 2007-11-15;13(22):6561-7.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Circulating levels of cytokines during pregnancy: thrombopoietin is elevated in miscarriage.
Authors: Whitcomb BW, Schisterman EF, Klebanoff MA, Baumgarten M, Luo X, Chegini N
Fertil. Steril., 2007-08-13;89(6):1795-802.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Pronounced elevation of resistin correlates with severity of disease in severe sepsis and septic shock.
Authors: Sunden-Cullberg J, Nystrom T, Lee ML, Mullins GE, Tokics L, Andersson J, Norrby-Teglund A, Treutiger CJ
Crit. Care Med., 2007-06-01;35(6):1536-42.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Haemophilus influenzae induces neutrophil necrosis: a role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
Authors: Naylor EJ, Bakstad D, Biffen M, Thong B, Calverley P, Scott S, Hart CA, Moots RJ, Edwards SW
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 2007-03-15;37(2):135-43.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Peroxidated squalene induces the production of inflammatory mediators in HaCaT keratinocytes: a possible role in acne vulgaris.
Authors: Ottaviani M, Alestas T, Flori E, Mastrofrancesco A, Zouboulis CC, Picardo M
J. Invest. Dermatol., 2006-06-15;126(11):2430-7.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Biological material on inhaled coarse fraction particulate matter activates airway phagocytes in vivo in healthy volunteers.
Authors: Alexis NE, Lay JC, Zeman K, Bennett WE, Peden DB, Soukup JM, Devlin RB, Becker S
J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 2006-04-27;117(6):1396-403.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Saliva
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Coengagement of CD16 and CD94 receptors mediates secretion of chemokines and induces apoptotic death of naive natural killer cells.
Authors: Jewett A, Cacalano NA, Head C, Teruel A
Clin. Cancer Res., 2006-04-01;12(7):1994-2003.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Sensitization of IL-2 signaling through TLR-7 enhances B lymphoma cell immunogenicity.
Authors: Tomic J, White D, Shi Y, Mena J, Hammond C, He L, Miller RL, Spaner DE
J. Immunol., 2006-03-15;176(6):3830-9.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines during amphotericin B exposure is mediated by coactivation of toll-like receptors 1 and 2.
Authors: Razonable RR, Henault M, Lee LN, Laethem C, Johnston PA, Watson HL, Paya CV
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 2005-04-01;49(4):1617-21.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells activated by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides induce the generation of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells.
Authors: Moseman EA, Liang X, Dawson AJ, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Krieg AM, Liu YJ, Blazar BR, Chen W
J. Immunol., 2004-10-01;173(7):4433-42.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Multiplex bead array assays for detection of soluble cytokines: comparisons of sensitivity and quantitative values among kits from multiple manufacturers.
Authors: Khan SS, Smith MS, Reda D, Suffredini AF, McCoy JP
Cytometry B Clin Cytom, 2004-09-01;61(1):35-9.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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