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Human TNF-alpha DuoSet ELISA

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  • Assay Type
    Solid Phase Sandwich ELISA
  • Format
    96-well strip plate
  • Sample Type & Volume Required
    100 µL
  • Range
    15.60 - 1,000 pg/mL
  • Sufficient Materials
    For five or fifteen 96-well plates*
  • Specificity
    Please see the product datasheet
* Provided that the recommended microplates, buffers, diluents, substrates and solutions are used, and the assay is run as summarized in the Assay Procedure provided.
Ancillary Reagent Kit Available
DY008, DuoSet ELISA Ancillary Reagent Kit 2 - Please Inquire

This DuoSet ELISA Development kit contains the basic components required for the development of sandwich ELISAs to measure natural and recombinant human TNF-alpha. The suggested diluent is suitable for the analysis of most cell culture supernate samples. Diluents for complex matrices, such as serum and plasma, should be evaluated prior to use in this DuoSet.

 


Product Features
  • Optimized capture and detection antibody pairings with recommended concentrations save lengthy development time
  • Development protocols are provided to guide further assay optimization
  • Assay can be customized to your specific needs
  • Economical alternative to complete kits
Kit Content
  • Capture Antibody
  • Detection Antibody
  • Recombinant Standard
  • Streptavidin conjugated to horseradish-peroxidase (Streptavidin-HRP)
Other Reagents Required

DuoSet Ancillary Reagent Kit 2 (5 plates): (Catalog # DY008) containing 96 well microplates, plate sealers, substrate solution, stop solution, plate coating buffer (PBS), wash buffer, and Reagent Diluent Concentrate 2.

The components listed above may be purchased separately:

PBS: (Catalog # DY006), or 137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, 8.1 mM Na2HPO4, 1.5 mM KH2PO4, pH 7.2 - 7.4, 0.2 µm filtered

Wash Buffer: (Catalog # WA126), or 0.05% Tween® 20 in PBS, pH 7.2-7.4

Reagent Diluent: (Catalog # DY995), or 1% BSA in PBS, pH 7.2-7.4, 0.2 µm filtered

Substrate Solution: 1:1 mixture of Color Reagent A (H2O2) and Color Reagent B (Tetramethylbenzidine) (Catalog # DY999)

Stop Solution: 2 N H2SO4 (Catalog # DY994)

Microplates: R&D Systems (Catalog # DY990)

Plate Sealers: ELISA Plate Sealers (Catalog # DY992)

 

  

Preparation and Storage
  • Storage
    Store the unopened product at 2 - 8 °C. Do not use past expiration date.
Background: TNF-alpha

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), also known as cachectin and TNFSF2, is the prototypic ligand of the TNF superfamily. It is a pleiotropic molecule that plays a central role in inflammation, apoptosis, and immune system development. TNF-α is produced by a wide variety of immune and epithelial cell types. Human TNF-α consists of a 35 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic domain, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 177 aa extracellular domain (ECD). Within the ECD, human TNF-α shares 97% aa sequence identity with rhesus and 71% - 92% with bovine, canine, cotton rat, equine, feline, mouse, porcine, and rat TNF-α. The 26 kDa type 2 transmembrane protein is assembled intracellularly to form a noncovalently linked homotrimer. Ligation of this complex induces reverse signaling that promotes lymphocyte costimulation but diminishes monocyte responsiveness.

Cleavage of membrane bound TNF-α by TACE/ADAM17 releases a 55 kDa soluble trimeric form of TNF-α. TNF-α trimers bind the ubiquitous TNF RI and the hematopoietic cell-restricted TNF RII, both of which are also expressed as homotrimers. TNF-α regulates lymphoid tissue development through control of apoptosis. It also promotes inflammatory responses by inducing the activation of vascular endothelial cells and macrophages. TNF-α is a key cytokine in the development of several inflammatory disorders. It contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes through its effects on insulin resistance and fatty acid metabolism.

  • Entrez Gene IDs:
    7124 (Human); 21926 (Mouse); 24835 (Rat); 397086 (Porcine); 280943 (Bovine); 403922 (Canine); 100033834 (Equine); 493755 (Feline); 100009088 (Rabbit);
  • Long Name:
    Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha
  • Aliases:
    APC1 protein; Cachectin; Cachetin; DIF; TNF; TNF, monocyte-derived; tnfa; tnf-a; TNF-alphacachectin; TNFATNF, macrophage-derived; TNFSF1A; TNFSF2; TNFSF2TNF superfamily, member 2; tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2); tumor necrosis factor alpha; Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2; tumor necrosis factor; tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Assay Procedure

GENERAL ELISA PROTOCOL

Plate Preparation

  1. Dilute the Capture Antibody to the working concentration in PBS without carrier protein. Immediately coat a 96-well microplate with 100 μL per well of the diluted Capture Antibody. Seal the plate and incubate overnight at room temperature.
  2. Aspirate each well and wash with Wash Buffer, repeating the process two times for a total of three washes. Wash by filling each well with Wash Buffer (400 μL) using a squirt bottle, manifold dispenser, or autowasher. Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential for good performance. After the last wash, remove any remaining Wash Buffer by aspirating or by inverting the plate and blotting it against clean paper towels.
  3. Block plates by adding 300 μL Reagent Diluent to each well. Incubate at room temperature for a minimum of 1 hour.
  4. Repeat the aspiration/wash as in step 2. The plates are now ready for sample addition.

Assay Procedure

  1. Add 100 μL of sample or standards in Reagent Diluent, or an appropriate diluent, per well. Cover with an adhesive strip and incubate 2 hours at room temperature.
  2. Repeat the aspiration/wash as in step 2 of Plate Preparation.
  3. Add 100 μL of the Detection Antibody, diluted in Reagent Diluent, to each well. Cover with a new adhesive strip and incubate 2 hours at room temperature.
  4. Repeat the aspiration/wash as in step 2 of Plate Preparation.
  5. Add 100 μL of the working dilution of Streptavidin-HRP to each well. Cover the plate and incubate for 20 minutes at room temperature. Avoid placing the plate in direct light.
  6. Repeat the aspiration/wash as in step 2.
  7. Add 100 μL of Substrate Solution to each well. Incubate for 20 minutes at room temperature. Avoid placing the plate in direct light.
  8. Add 50 μL of Stop Solution to each well. Gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing.
  9. Determine the optical density of each well immediately, using a microplate reader set to 450 nm. If wavelength correction is available, set to 540 nm or 570 nm. If wavelength correction is not available, subtract readings at 540 nm or 570 nm from the readings at 450 nm. This subtraction will correct for optical imperfections in the plate. Readings made directly at 450 nm without correction may be higher and less accurate.

 

Citations:

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

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Species
Sample Type
  1. Sourcing of an alternative pericyte-like cell type from peripheral blood in clinically relevant numbers for therapeutic angiogenic applications.
    Authors: Blocki A, Wang Y, Koch M, Goralczyk A, Beyer S, Agarwal N, Lee M, Moonshi S, Dewavrin J, Peh P, Schwarz H, Bhakoo K, Raghunath M
    Mol Ther, 2015;23(3):510-22.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  2. Phenotypic profiling of CD8(+) T cells during Plasmodium vivax blood-stage infection.
    Authors: Hojo-Souza N, Pereira D, Passos L, Gazzinelli-Guimaraes P, Cardoso M, Tada M, Zanini G, Bartholomeu D, Fujiwara R, Bueno L
    BMC Infect Dis, 2015;15(0):35.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Plasma
  3. Macrophage activation in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
    Authors: Schupp J, Binder H, Jager B, Cillis G, Zissel G, Muller-Quernheim J, Prasse A
    PLoS ONE, 2015;10(1):e0116775.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: BALFf
  4. Vpr Enhances Tumor Necrosis Factor Production by HIV-1-Infected T Cells.
    Authors: Roesch F, Richard L, Rua R, Porrot F, Casartelli N, Schwartz O
    J Virol, 2015;89(23):12118-30.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  5. Sensor Function for Butyrophilin 3A1 in Prenyl Pyrophosphate Stimulation of Human Vgamma2Vdelta2 T Cells.
    Authors: Wang H, Morita C
    J Immunol, 2015;195(10):4583-94.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  6. Characterization of host and microbial determinants in individuals with latent tuberculosis infection using a human granuloma model.
    Authors: Guirado E, Mbawuike U, Keiser T, Arcos J, Azad A, Wang S, Schlesinger L
    MBio, 2015;6(1):e02537-14.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: cell supernates
  7. Exposure to diesel exhaust particle extracts (DEPe) impairs some polarization markers and functions of human macrophages through activation of AhR and Nrf2.
    Authors: Jaguin M, Fardel O, Lecureur V
    PLoS ONE, 2015;10(2):e0116560.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  8. Interleukin-23 Receptor Gene Polymorphism May Enhance Expression of the IL-23 Receptor, IL-17, TNF-alpha and IL-6 in Behcet's Disease.
    Authors: Jiang Z, Hennein L, Tao Y, Tao L
    PLoS ONE, 2015;10(7):e0134632.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  9. In vitro progesterone modulation on bacterial endotoxin-induced production of IL-1beta, TNFalpha, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, MIP-1alpha, and MMP-9 in pre-labor human term placenta.
    Authors: Garcia-Ruiz G, Flores-Espinosa P, Preciado-Martinez E, Bermejo-Martinez L, Espejel-Nunez A, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Maida-Claros R, Flores-Pliego A, Zaga-Clavellina V
    Reprod Biol Endocrinol, 2015;13(0):115.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  10. Transcriptomic Analyses of the Biological Effects of Airborne PM2.5 Exposure on Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells.
    Authors: Zhou Z, Liu Y, Duan F, Qin M, Wu F, Sheng W, Yang L, Liu J, He K
    PLoS ONE, 2015;10(9):e0138267.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  11. An Autocrine Cytokine/JAK/STAT-Signaling Induces Kynurenine Synthesis in Multidrug Resistant Human Cancer Cells.
    Authors: Campia I, Buondonno I, Castella B, Rolando B, Kopecka J, Gazzano E, Ghigo D, Riganti C
    PLoS ONE, 2015;10(5):e0126159.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  12. CD137 ligand signalling induces differentiation of primary acute myeloid leukaemia cells.
    Authors: Cheng K, Wong S, Linn Y, Ho L, Chng W, Schwarz H
    Br J Haematol, 2014;165(1):134-44.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  13. TRAF5 and TRAF3IP2 gene polymorphisms are associated with Behcet's disease and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome: a case-control study.
    Authors: Xiang Q, Chen L, Hou S, Fang J, Zhou Y, Bai L, Liu Y, Kijlstra A, Yang P
    PLoS ONE, 2014;9(1):e84214.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  14. Low adiposity during early infancy is associated with a low risk for developing dengue hemorrhagic fever: a preliminary model.
    Authors: Libraty D, Zhang L, Woda M, Giaya K, Kathivu C, Acosta L, Tallo V, Segubre-Mercado E, Bautista A, Obcena A, Brion J, Capeding R
    PLoS ONE, 2014;9(2):e88944.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  15. Increased prevalence of Methanosphaera stadtmanae in inflammatory bowel diseases.
    Authors: Blais Lecours P, Marsolais D, Cormier Y, Berberi M, Hache C, Bourdages R, Duchaine C
    PLoS ONE, 2014;9(2):e87734.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  16. Thrombin-cleaved fragments of osteopontin are overexpressed in malignant glial tumors and provide a molecular niche with survival advantage.
    Authors: Yamaguchi Y, Shao Z, Sharif S, Du X, Myles T, Merchant M, Harsh G, Glantz M, Recht L, Morser J, Leung L
    J Biol Chem, 2013;288(5):3097-111.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: CSF
  17. Survey of innate immune responses to Burkholderia pseudomallei in human blood identifies a central role for lipopolysaccharide.
    Authors: Chantratita N, Tandhavanant S, Myers N, Seal S, Arayawichanont A, Kliangsa-Ad A, Hittle L, Ernst R, Emond M, Wurfel M, Day N, Peacock S, West T
    PLoS ONE, 2013;8(11):e81617.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  18. Association of TLR2 gene polymorphisms with ocular Behcet's disease in a Chinese Han population.
    Authors: Fang J, Hu R, Hou S, Ye Z, Xiang Q, Qi J, Zhou Y, Kijlstra A, Yang P
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2013;54(13):8384-92.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  19. Effects of high-dose cholecalciferol on serum markers of inflammation and immunity in patients with early chronic kidney disease.
    Authors: Alvarez J, Zughaier S, Law J, Hao L, Wasse H, Ziegler T, Tangpricha V
    Eur J Clin Nutr, 2013;67(3):264-9.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Serum
  20. Glycosylation in a mammalian expression system is critical for the production of functionally active leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor A3 protein.
    Authors: Lee T, Mitchell A, Liu Lau S, An H, Rajeaskariah P, Wasinger V, Raftery M, Bryant K, Tedla N
    J Biol Chem, 2013;288(46):32873-85.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: cell supernates
  21. Impact of vitamin D supplementation on markers of inflammation in adults with cystic fibrosis hospitalized for a pulmonary exacerbation.
    Eur J Clin Nutr, 2012;66(9):1072-4.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Plasma
  22. Elevated adaptive immune responses are associated with latent infections of Wuchereria bancrofti.
    Authors: Arndts K, Deininger S, Specht S, Klarmann U, Mand S, Adjobimey T, Debrah AY, Batsa L, Kwarteng A, Epp C, Taylor M, Adjei O, Layland LE, Hoerauf A
    PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2012;6(4):e1611.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  23. Characterization and function of the human macrophage dopaminergic system: implications for CNS disease and drug abuse.
    J Neuroinflammation, 2012;9(0):203.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  24. Regulation of progranulin expression in human microglia and proteolysis of progranulin by matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12).
    Authors: Suh HS, Choi N, Tarassishin L, Lee SC
    PLoS ONE, 2012;7(4):e35115.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  25. Age-related changes in expression and function of Toll-like receptors in human skin.
    Authors: Iram N, Mildner M, Prior M, Petzelbauer P, Fiala C, Hacker S, Schoppl A, Tschachler E, Elbe-Burger A
    Development, 2012;139(22):4210-9.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  26. Transglutaminase is essential for IgA nephropathy development acting through IgA receptors.
    Authors: Berthelot L, Papista C, Maciel TT, Biarnes-Pelicot M, Tissandie E, Wang PH, Tamouza H, Jamin A, Bex-Coudrat J, Gestin A, Boumediene A, Arcos-Fajardo M, England P, Pillebout E, Walker F, Daugas E, Vrtosvnik F, Flamant M, Benhamou M, Cogne M, Moura IC, Monteiro RC
    J. Exp. Med., 2012;209(4):793-806.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  27. Trappin-2/elafin modulate innate immune responses of human endometrial epithelial cells to PolyI:C.
    Authors: Drannik AG, Nag K, Yao XD, Henrick BM, Sallenave JM, Rosenthal KL
    PLoS ONE, 2012;7(4):e35866.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  28. TRAIL induces necroptosis involving RIPK1/RIPK3-dependent PARP-1 activation.
    Authors: Jouan-Lanhouet S, Arshad M, Piquet-Pellorce C, Martin-Chouly C, Le Moigne-Muller G, Van Herreweghe F, Takahashi N, Sergent O, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Vandenabeele P, Samson M, Dimanche-Boitrel M
    Cell Death Differ, 2012;19(12):2003-14.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  29. Anti-Tumour Effects of a Specific Anti-ADAM17 Antibody in an Ovarian Cancer Model In Vivo.
    Authors: Richards FM, Tape CJ, Jodrell DI, Murphy G
    PLoS ONE, 2012;7(7):e40597.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Tissue Homogenates
  30. Increased secretion of Gas6 by smooth muscle cells in human atherosclerotic carotid plaques.
    Authors: Clauser S, Meilhac O, Bieche I, Raynal P, Bruneval P, Michel JB, Borgel D
    Thromb. Haemost., 2011;107(1):140-9.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  31. Inhibition of IL-32 activation by alpha-1 antitrypsin suppresses alloreactivity and increases survival in an allogeneic murine marrow transplantation model.
    Authors: Marcondes AM, Li X, Tabellini L, Bartenstein M, Kabacka J, Sale GE, Hansen JA, Dinarello CA, Deeg HJ
    Blood, 2011;118(18):5031-9.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  32. Monocytic microparticles activate endothelial cells in an IL-1{beta}-dependent manner.
    Authors: Wang JG, Williams JC, Davis BK, Jacobson K, Doerschuk CM, Ting JP, Mackman N
    Blood, 2011;118(8):2366-74.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Lysates
  33. Plasma levels of procalcitonin and eight additional inflammatory molecules in febrile neutropenic patients.
    Authors: Neuenschwander LC, Bittencourt H, Ribeiro AF, Teixeira AL, Teixeira MM, Teixeira JC, Nobre V
    Clinics (Sao Paulo), 2011;66(10):1699-705.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Plasma
  34. Adipokine resistin predicts anti-inflammatory effect of glucocorticoids in asthma.
    Authors: Leivo-Korpela S, Lehtimaki L, Vuolteenaho K, Nieminen R, Kankaanranta H, Saarelainen S, Moilanen E
    J Inflamm (Lond), 2011;8(0):12.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  35. KR-003048, a potent, orally active inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.
    Authors: Montalban AG, Boman E, Chang CD, Ceide SC, Dahl R, Dalesandro D, Delaet NG, Erb E, Ernst J, Gibbs A, Kahl J, Kessler L, Lundstrom J, Miller S, Nakanishi H, Roberts E, Saiah E, Sullivan R, Wang Z, Larson CJ
    Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2010;632(1):93-102.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  36. Activation of platelets by Aspergillus fumigatus and potential role of platelets in the immunopathogenesis of Aspergillosis.
    Authors: Rodland EK, Ueland T, Pedersen TM, Halvorsen B, Muller F, Aukrust P, Froland SS
    Infect. Immun., 2010;78(3):1269-75.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  37. Reactive oxygen species-independent activation of the IL-1beta inflammasome in cells from patients with chronic granulomatous disease.
    Authors: van de Veerdonk FL, Smeekens SP, Joosten LA, Kullberg BJ, Dinarello CA, Van der Meer JW, Netea MG
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2010;107(7):3030-3.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  38. IL-17 amplifies human contact hypersensitivity by licensing hapten nonspecific Th1 cells to kill autologous keratinocytes.
    Authors: Pennino D, Eyerich K, Scarponi C, Carbone T, Eyerich S, Nasorri F, Garcovich S, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Albanesi C, Cavani A
    J. Immunol., 2010;184(9):4880-8.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  39. The role of RGD-tagged helical rosette nanotubes in the induction of inflammation and apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma cells through the P38 MAPK pathway.
    Authors: Suri SS, Rakotondradany F, Myles AJ, Fenniri H, Singh B
    Biomaterials, 2009;30(17):3084-90.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  40. Heat shock protein 96 is elevated in rheumatoid arthritis and activates macrophages primarily via TLR2 signaling.
    Authors: Huang QQ, Sobkoviak R, Jockheck-Clark AR, Shi B, Mandelin AM, Tak PP, Haines GK, Nicchitta CV, Pope RM
    J. Immunol., 2009;182(8):4965-73.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  41. Reduced ex vivo interleukin-6 production by dietary fish oil is not modified by linoleic acid intake in healthy men.
    Authors: Damsgaard CT, Lauritzen L, Calder PC, Kjaer TR, Frokiaer H
    J. Nutr., 2009;139(7):1410-4.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  42. Interferon-beta treatment in multiple sclerosis attenuates inflammatory gene expression through inducible activity of the phosphatase SHP-1.
    Authors: Christophi GP, Panos M, Hudson CA, Tsikkou C, Mihai C, Mejico LJ, Jubelt B, Massa PT
    Clin. Immunol., 2009;133(1):27-44.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Plasma
  43. Survival and migration of human dendritic cells are regulated by an IFN-alpha-inducible Axl/Gas6 pathway.
    Authors: Scutera S, Fraone T, Musso T, Cappello P, Rossi S, Pierobon D, Orinska Z, Paus R, Bulfone-Paus S, Giovarelli M
    J. Immunol., 2009;183(5):3004-13.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  44. Helminth antigens modulate immune responses in cells from multiple sclerosis patients through TLR2-dependent mechanisms.
    Authors: Correale J, Farez M
    J. Immunol., 2009;183(9):5999-6012.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  45. Impact of tobacco-smoke on key signaling pathways in the innate immune response in lung macrophages.
    Authors: Birrell MA, Wong S, Catley MC, Belvisi MG
    J. Cell. Physiol., 2008;214(1):27-37.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  46. Helminth infections associated with multiple sclerosis induce regulatory B cells.
    Authors: Correale J, Farez M, Razzitte G
    Ann. Neurol., 2008;64(2):187-99.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  47. Inorganic arsenic activates reduced NADPH oxidase in human primary macrophages through a Rho kinase/p38 kinase pathway.
    Authors: Lemarie A, Bourdonnay E, Morzadec C, Fardel O, Vernhet L
    J. Immunol., 2008;180(9):6010-7.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  48. Divergent effects of hypoxia on dendritic cell functions.
    Authors: Mancino A, Schioppa T, Larghi P, Pasqualini F, Nebuloni M, Chen IH, Sozzani S, Austyn JM, Mantovani A, Sica A
    Blood, 2008;112(9):3723-34.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  49. Fungal proteases induce Th2 polarization through limited dendritic cell maturation and reduced production of IL-12.
    Authors: Lamhamedi-Cherradi SE, Martin RE, Ito T, Kheradmand F, Corry DB, Liu YJ, Moyle M
    J. Immunol., 2008;180(9):6000-9.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  50. Bronchial epithelial cell growth regulation in fibroblast cocultures: the role of hepatocyte growth factor.
    Authors: Skibinski G, Elborn JS, Ennis M
    Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol., 2007;293(1):L69-76.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  51. Tumor-associated leukemia inhibitory factor and IL-6 skew monocyte differentiation into tumor-associated macrophage-like cells.
    Authors: Duluc D, Delneste Y, Tan F, Moles MP, Grimaud L, Lenoir J, Preisser L, Anegon I, Catala L, Ifrah N, Descamps P, Gamelin E, Gascan H, Hebbar M, Jeannin P
    Blood, 2007;110(13):4319-30.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  52. Human epithelial cells establish direct antifungal defense through TLR4-mediated signaling.
    Authors: Weindl G, Naglik JR, Kaesler S, Biedermann T, Hube B, Korting HC, Schaller M
    J. Clin. Invest., 2007;117(12):3664-3672.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  53. Sirtuin regulates cigarette smoke-induced proinflammatory mediator release via RelA/p65 NF-kappaB in macrophages in vitro and in rat lungs in vivo: implications for chronic inflammation and aging.
    Authors: Yang SR, Wright J, Bauter M, Seweryniak K, Kode A, Rahman I
    Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol., 2007;292(2):L567-76.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  54. The differential effect of Eriobotrya japonica hydrophilic leaf extract on cytokines production and modulation.
    Authors: Matalka KZ, Ali D, Khawad AE, Qa'dan F
    Cytokine, 2007;40(3):235-40.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  55. Cytokine response to strenuous exercise in athletes and non-athletes--an adaptive response.
    Authors: Gokhale R, Chandrashekara S, Vasanthakumar KC
    Cytokine, 2007;40(2):123-7.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Plasma
  56. Novel role for the liver X nuclear receptor in the suppression of lung inflammatory responses.
    Authors: Birrell MA, Catley MC, Hardaker E, Wong S, Willson TM, McCluskie K, Leonard T, Farrow SN, Collins JL, Haj-Yahia S, Belvisi MG
    J. Biol. Chem., 2007;282(44):31882-90.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  57. Early cytokine responses after percutaneous magnetic resonance imaging guided laser thermoablation of malignant liver tumors.
    Authors: Kallio R, Sequeiros R, Surcel HM, Ohtonen P, Kiviniemi H, Syrjala H
    Cytokine, 2007;34(5):278-83.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Serum
  58. Splice variants of human FOXP3 are functional inhibitors of human CD4+ T-cell activation.
    Authors: Smith EL, Finney HM, Nesbitt AM, Ramsdell F, Robinson MK
    Immunology, 2006;119(2):203-11.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  59. Dynamic changes of apoptosis-inducing ligands and Th1/Th2 like subpopulations in Hantaan virus-induced hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.
    Authors: Liu JM, Zhu Y, Xu ZW, Ouyang WM, Wang JP, Liu XS, Cao YX, Li Q, Fang L, Zhuang R, Yang AG, Jin BQ
    Clin. Immunol., 2006;119(3):245-51.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Plasma
  60. The direct effects of Toll-like receptor ligands on human NK cell cytokine production and cytotoxicity.
    Authors: Lauzon NM, Mian F, MacKenzie R, Ashkar AA
    Cell. Immunol., 2006;241(2):102-12.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  61. Modulation of neonatal microbial recognition: TLR-mediated innate immune responses are specifically and differentially modulated by human milk.
    Authors: LeBouder E, Rey-Nores JE, Raby AC, Affolter M, Vidal K, Thornton CA, Labeta MO
    J. Immunol., 2006;176(6):3742-52.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  62. Role of matrix metalloproteinases in the inflammatory response in human airway cell-based assays and in rodent models of airway disease.
    Authors: Birrell MA, Wong S, Dekkak A, De Alba J, Haj-Yahia S, Belvisi MG
    J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 2006;318(2):741-50.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  63. A combination of E. coli DNA fragments and modified lipopolysaccharides as a cancer immunotherapy.
    Authors: Cho YJ, Ahn BY, Lee NG, Lee DH, Kim DS
    Vaccine, 2006;24(31):5862-71.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  64. A cyanobacterial LPS antagonist prevents endotoxin shock and blocks sustained TLR4 stimulation required for cytokine expression.
    Authors: Macagno A, Molteni M, Rinaldi A
    J. Exp. Med., 2006;203(6):1481-92.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  65. Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis undetected by tuberculin skin testing.
    Authors: Anderson ST, Williams AJ, Brown JR, Newton SM, Simsova M, Nicol MP, Sebo P, Levin M, Wilkinson RJ, Wilkinson KA
    Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 2006;173(9):1038-42.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  66. Microbial exposure, symptoms and inflammatory mediators in nasal lavage fluid of kitchen and clerical personnel in schools.
    Authors: Lignell U, Meklin T, Putus T, Vepsalainen A, Roponen M, Torvinen E, Reeslev M, Pennanen S, Hirvonen MR, Kalliokoski P, Nevalainen A
    Int J Occup Med Environ Health, 2005;18(2):139-50.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: nasal lavage
  67. Synergistic stimulation of human monocytes and dendritic cells by Toll-like receptor 4 and NOD1- and NOD2-activating agonists.
    Authors: Fritz JH, Girardin SE, Fitting C, Werts C, Mengin-Lecreulx D, Caroff M, Cavaillon JM, Philpott DJ, Adib-Conquy M
    Eur. J. Immunol., 2005;35(8):2459-70.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  68. Enhanced apoptotic cell clearance capacity and B cell survival factor production by IL-10-activated macrophages: implications for Burkitt's lymphoma.
    Authors: Pound JD, Batth BK, Johannessen I, Wood K
    J. Immunol., 2005;174(5):3015-23.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  69. Association of type 2 cytokines with hepatic fibrosis in human Schistosoma mansoni infection.
    Authors: de Jesus AR, Magalhaes A, Miranda DG, Miranda RG, Araujo MI, de Jesus AA, Silva A, Santana LB, Pearce E, Carvalho EM
    Infect. Immun., 2004;72(6):3391-7.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  70. The Toll-like receptor-2/6 agonist macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 cooperates with IFN-gamma to reverse the Th2 skew in an in vitro allergy model.
    Authors: Weigt H, Muhlradt PF, Larbig M, Krug N, Braun A
    J. Immunol., 2004;172(10):6080-6.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  71. Stimulation of toll-like receptor 2 by Coxiella burnetii is required for macrophage production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and resistance to infection.
    Authors: Zamboni DS, Campos MA, Torrecilhas AC, Kiss K, Samuel JE, Golenbock DT, Lauw FN, Roy CR, Almeida IC, Gazzinelli RT
    J. Biol. Chem., 2004;279(52):54405-15.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  72. IL-15 and the initiation of cell contact-dependent synovial fibroblast-T lymphocyte cross-talk in rheumatoid arthritis: effect of methotrexate.
    Authors: Miranda-Carus ME, Balsa A, Benito-Miguel M, Perez de Ayala C, Martin-Mola E
    J. Immunol., 2004;173(2):1463-76.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  73. Activation of resting human primary T cells with chimeric receptors: costimulation from CD28, inducible costimulator, CD134, and CD137 in series with signals from the TCR zeta chain.
    Authors: Finney HM, Akbar AN, Lawson AD
    J. Immunol., 2004;172(1):104-13.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  74. Stimulation of T cell autoreactivity by anomalous expression of NKG2D and its MIC ligands in rheumatoid arthritis.
    Authors: Groh V, Bruhl A, El-Gabalawy H, Nelson JL, Spies T
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2003;100(16):9452-7.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  75. Comparison of inflammatory elements in nasal lavage and induced sputum following occupational exposure to moldy-building microbes.
    Authors: Purokivi M, Hirvonen MR, Roponen M, Randell J, Vahteristo M, Tukiainen H
    Inhal Toxicol, 2002;14(6):653-62.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Sputum
  76. Inflammatory mediators in nasal lavage, induced sputum and serum of employees with rheumatic and respiratory disorders.
    Authors: Roponen M, Kiviranta J, Seuri M, Tukiainen H, Myllykangas-Luosujarvi R, Hirvonen MR
    Eur. Respir. J., 2001;18(3):542-8.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Serum
  77. Reproducibility of measurements of exhaled NO, and cell count and cytokine concentrations in induced sputum.
    Authors: Purokivi M, Randell J, Hirvonen MR, Tukiainen H
    Eur. Respir. J., 2000;16(2):242-6.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Sputum
  78. Effects of a short-course of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid on systemic and mucosal immunity in healthy adult humans.
    Authors: Dufour V, Millon L, Faucher JF, Bard E, Robinet E, Piarroux R, Vuitton DA, Meillet D
    Int. Immunopharmacol., 205;5(5):917-28.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Feces
  79. Natural killer cell-produced IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha induce target cell cytolysis through up-regulation of ICAM-1.
    Authors: Wang R, Jaw JJ, Jaw J, Stutzman N, Stutzman NC, Zou Z, Sun PD
    J Leukoc Biol, 0;91(2):299-309.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
  80. Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, and IL-17A differentially affect the profibrotic and proinflammatory functions of fibrocytes from asthmatic patients.
    Authors: Bellini A, Marini MA, Bianchetti L, Barczyk M, Schmidt M, Mattoli S
    Mucosal Immunol, 0;5(2):140-9.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
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