Porcine TGF-beta 1 Protein

Name: Porcine TGF-beta 1 Protein
Brand: R&D Systems
SKU: 101-B1

R&D Systems | Catalog # 101-B1

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Citations (22)

Product Documents

Discontinued Product

101-B1 has been discontinued. An alternative/replacement product is available: 7754-BH. View all TGF-beta 1 products.

Product Specifications
Preparation & Storage
Calculators
Background
Product Documents
Specific Notices
Research Areas

Key Product Details

Source

Porcine Platelets

Structure / Form

Disulfide-linked homodimer

Applications

Bioactivity

View all TGF-beta 1 Proteins and Enzymes »

Product Specifications

Source

Porcine platelet-derived TGF-beta 1 protein

Purity

>97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.

Endotoxin Level

<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

SDS-PAGE

12 kDa, reducing conditions

Activity

Measured by its ability to inhibit the IL-4-dependent proliferation of HT‑2 mouse T cells. Tsang, M. et al. (1995) Cytokine 7:389.
The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.03-0.2 ng/mL.

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

101-B1

Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA with BSA as a carrier protein.
Reconstitution	Reconstitute at 10 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage	Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied. 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution. 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Calculators

The reconstitution calculator allows you to quickly calculate the volume of a reagent to reconstitute your vial. Simply enter the mass of reagent and the target concentration and the calculator will determine the rest.

Volume (to add to vial)

Mass (in vial)

Desired Reconstitution Concentration

Background: TGF-beta 1

TGF- beta 1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) is one of three closely related mammalian members of the large TGF-beta superfamily that share a characteristic cystine knot structure (1 - 7). TGF-beta 1, -2 and -3 are highly pleiotropic cytokines that are proposed to act as cellular switches that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (1 - 4). Each TGF-beta isoform has some non redundant functions; for TGF-beta 1, mice with targeted deletion show defects in hematopoiesis and endothelial differentiation, and die of overwhelming inflammation (2). Porcine TGF-beta 1 cDNA encodes a 390 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 29 aa signal peptide and a 361 aa proprotein (8). A furin-like convertase processes the proprotein to generate an N-terminal 220 aa latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a C-terminal 112 aa mature TGF- beta 1 (8, 9). Disulfide-linked homodimers of LAP and TGF-beta 1 remain non-covalently associated after secretion, forming the small latent TGF-beta 1 complex (8 - 10). Covalent linkage of LAP to one of three latent TGF-beta binding proteins (LTBPs) creates a large latent complex that may interact with the extracellular matrix (9, 10). TGF-beta is activated from latency by pathways that include actions of the protease plasmin, matrix metalloproteases, thrombospondin 1 and a subset of integrins (10). Mature porcine TGF-beta 1 shows 100% aa identity with human, dog and cow TGF-beta 1 and 99% aa identity with mouse, rat and horse TGF-beta 1. It demonstrates cross species activity (1). TGF-beta 1 signaling begins with high-affinity binding to a type II ser/thr kinase receptor termed TGF-beta RII. This receptor then phosphorylates and activates a second ser/thr kinase receptor, TGF-beta RI (also called activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) -5), or alternatively, ALK-1.This complex phosphorylates and activates Smad proteins that regulate transcription (3, 11, 12). Contributions of the accessory receptors betaglycan (also known as TGF-beta RIII) and endoglin, or use of Smad-independent signaling pathways, allow for disparate actions observed in response to TGF-beta in different contexts (11).