Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 (Human Cell-expressed) Protein
Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 (Human Cell-expressed) Protein Summary
Product Specifications
Ala279-Ser390
Analysis
Product Datasheets
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
7754-BH
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA with BSA as a carrier protein. *1 mg pack size (01M) is supplied as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA with BSA as a carrier protein. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
7754-BH/CF
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA. *1 mg pack size (01M) is supplied as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
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Recombinant human TGF-beta 1 (7754-BH) inhibits recombinant mouse IL-4 induced proliferation in the HT-2 mouse T cell line. The ED50 for this effect is 0.04-0.2 ng/mL.
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Background: TGF-beta 1
TGF‑ beta 1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) is one of three closely related mammalian members of the large TGF‑ beta superfamily that share a characteristic cystine knot structure (1‑7). TGF‑ beta 1, ‑2 and ‑3 are highly pleiotropic cytokines that are proposed to act as cellular switches that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (1‑4). Each TGF‑ beta isoform has some non‑redundant functions; for TGF‑ beta 1, mice with targeted deletion show defects in hematopoiesis and endothelial differentiation, and die of overwhelming inflammation (2). Human TGF‑ beta 1 cDNA encodes a 390 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 29 aa signal peptide and a 361 aa proprotein (8). A furin-like convertase processes the proprotein to generate an N‑terminal 249 aa latency‑associated peptide (LAP) and a C‑terminal 112 aa mature TGF‑ beta 1 (8, 9). Disulfide-linked homodimers of LAP and TGF‑ beta 1 remain non‑covalently associated after secretion, forming the small latent TGF‑ beta 1 complex (8‑10). Covalent linkage of LAP to one of three latent TGF‑ beta binding proteins (LTBPs) creates a large latent complex that may interact with the extracellular matrix (9, 10). TGF‑ beta is activated from latency by pathways that include actions of the protease plasmin, matrix metalloproteases, thrombospondin 1 and a subset of integrins (10). Mature human TGF‑ beta 1 shares 100% aa identity with pig, dog and cow TGF‑ beta 1, and 99% aa identity with mouse, rat and horse TGF‑ beta 1. It demonstrates cross‑species activity (1). TGF‑ beta 1 signaling begins with high‑affinity binding to a type II ser/thr kinase receptor termed TGF‑ beta RII. This receptor then phosphorylates and activates a second ser/thr kinase receptor, TGF‑ beta RI (also called activin receptor‑like kinase (ALK) ‑5), or alternatively, ALK‑1. This complex phosphorylates and activates Smad proteins that regulate transcription (3, 11, 12). Contributions of the accessory receptors betaglycan (also known as TGF‑ beta RIII) and endoglin, or use of Smad-independent signaling pathways, allow for disparate actions observed in response to TGF‑ beta in different contexts (11).
- Derynck, R. and K. Miyazono (2008) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press p. 29.
- Dunker, N. and K. Krieglstein (2000) Eur. J. Biochem. 267:6982.
- Wahl, S.M. (2006) Immunol. Rev. 213:213.
- Chang, H. et al. (2002) Endocr. Rev. 23:787.
- Lin, J.S. et al. (2006) Reproduction 132:179.
- Hinck, A.P. et al. (1996) Biochemistry 35:8517.
- Mittl, P.R.E. et al. (1996) Protein Sci. 5:1261.
- Derynck, R. et al. (1985) Nature 316:701.
- Miyazono, K. et al. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263:6407.
- Oklu, R. and R. Hesketh (2000) Biochem. J. 352:601.
- de Caestecker, M. et al. (2004) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 15:1.
- Zuniga, J.E. et al. (2005) J. Mol. Biol. 354:1052.
Citations for Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 (Human Cell-expressed) Protein
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 6
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Nucleolar protein NOP2/NSUN1 suppresses HIV-1 transcription and promotes viral latency by competing with Tat for TAR binding and methylation
Authors: W Kong, A Biswas, D Zhou, G Fiches, K Fujinaga, N Santoso, J Zhu
PLoS Pathog., 2020;16(3):e1008430.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Cell Culture -
CD109 acts as a gatekeeper of the epithelial trait by suppressing epithelial to mesenchymal transition in squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro
Authors: S Zhou, SD da Silva, PM Siegel, A Philip
Sci Rep, 2019;9(1):16317.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Retinoic acid signaling is essential for airway smooth muscle homeostasis
Authors: F Chen, F Shao, A Hinds, S Yao, S Ram-Mohan, TA Norman, R Krishnan, A Fine
JCI Insight, 2018;3(16):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Ruxolitinib in combination with prednisone and nilotinib exhibit synergistic effects in human cells lines and primary cells from myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: A Arenas Cor, R Ayala Diaz, P Hernández-, J Gorrochate, D Primo, A Robles, ML Morales, J Ballestero, I Rapado, M Gallardo, M Linares, J Martínez-L
Haematologica, 2018;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
A Novel Bromodomain Inhibitor Reverses HIV-1 Latency through Specific Binding with BRD4 to Promote Tat and P-TEFb Association
Authors: H Huang, S Liu, M Jean, S Simpson, H Huang, M Merkley, T Hayashi, W Kong, I Rodríguez-, X Zhang, HO Yosief, H Miao, J Que, JJ Kobie, J Bradner, NG Santoso, W Zhang, J Zhu
Front Microbiol, 2017;8(0):1035.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Decoding NADPH oxidase 4 expression in human tumors
Authors: JL Meitzler, HR Makhlouf, S Antony, Y Wu, D Butcher, G Jiang, A Juhasz, J Lu, I Dahan, P Jansen-Dür, H Pircher, AM Shah, K Roy, JH Doroshow
Redox Biol, 2017;13(0):182-195.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay
FAQs
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Will Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 support the maintenance of either human or non-human cultured cells?
TGF-beta 1 performs multiple cellular functions, including cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. It would be necessary to determine the specific conditions for cell growth/proliferation for the cells being cultured.
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Can Recombinant Human TGF beta 1 Protein (Catalog # 7754-BH or 7754-BH/CF) be reconstituted in PBS or water?
Recombinant Human TGF beta 1 Protein (Catalog # 7754-BH or 7754-BH/CF) needs to be reconstituted to 100 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl containing 0.1% BSA or 4 mM HCl. This protein is hydrophobic by nature, so it requires an acidic buffer for reconstitution to go completely into solution. Stability testing has been evaluated on the protein with these reconstitution conditions; we can guarantee performance under these reconstitution conditions. When the protein is diluted with the cell culture media or buffers to the working concentration, the concentration of the acid should be buffered or negligible.
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Has the half-life of recombinant human TGF beta 1 been determined?
While our Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein has been evaluated for bioactivity, the half-life of a specific protein will depend on experimental conditions, including the cell number, density, and media content. It is up to the end-user to determine the appropriate concentration and timing when adding Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein to individual experiments. For techniques and methodologies, we recommend reviewing our list of publications under the Citations tab on the product-specific web page to find reported use of our products in similar experimental layouts.
Reviews for Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 (Human Cell-expressed) Protein
Average Rating: 4.9 (Based on 12 Reviews)
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Reason for Rating: No discernible difference between HEK293-derived TGFb vs CHO-derived TGFb (cat#240-B) was found
TGFB1 human peritoneal mesothelial cells
