Leptin is a protein product of the mouse obese gene. Mice with mutations in the obese gene that block the sythesis of Leptin have been found to be obese, diabetic and to have reduced activity, metabolism and body temperature. cDNA clones encoding Leptin have been isolated from human, simian, mouse and rat cells. Human Leptin shares approximately 84% sequence identity with the mouse protein. Human Leptin cDNA encodes a 167 amino acid residue protein with a 21 amino acid residue signal sequence that is cleaved to yield the 146 amino acid residue mature protein. The expression of Leptin mRNA has been shown to be restricted to adipose tissue.
A high-affinity receptor for Leptin (OB-R) with homology to gp130 and the G-CSF receptor has been cloned. OB-R mRNA has been shown to be expressed in the choroid plexus and in the hypothalamus. OB-R has also been identified as an isoform of B219, a sequence that is expressed in at least four isoforms in very primitive hematopoietic cell populations and in a variety of lymphohematopoietic cell lines (1 - 3). The roles of leptin in body weight regulation, hematopoiesis and reproduction continue to be investigated.
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