Metabolism

Cellular metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life. Cellular metabolism involves complex sequences of controlled biochemical reactions, better known as metabolic pathways. These processes allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to environmental changes. Disruption of these homeostatic states results in metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity, and increases the risk of developing other pathological conditions (i.e. cardiovascular disease).

R&D Systems offers a range of quality products to study the enzymatic cascades that govern these metabolic reactions.

Small Molecules for Cell Metabolism Targets

Amyloid β Peptides Amyloid β Peptide Modulators Amyloid β Peptide Inhibitors Other Amyloid β Peptide Compounds	Autophagy Autophagy Inhibitors Autophagy Activators	Carbohydrate Metabolism Glycosylase Inhibitors Glycosylase Activators Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) Inhibitors GSK-3 Degraders Hexokinase Inhibitors Hexokinase Activators
Cytochrome P450 Cytochrome P450 Inhibitors	DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis Inhibitors DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis Activators DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis Modulators Other DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis Compounds	ER Stress/Unfolded Protein Response IRE1 Inhibitors Additional IRE1 Compounds PERK Inhibitors Other ER Stress UPR Activators
Glycobiology Probes Glycobiology Probes	Lipid Metabolism ATP Citrate Lyase (ACLY) Inhibitors Fatty Acid Binding Protein (FABP) Inhibitors Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) Inhibitors GPBA Receptors Agonists Lysosomal Acid Lipase Inhibitors Sphingosine Kinase Inhibitors SREBP Inhibitors Stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase (SCD-1) Inhibitors Other Lipid Metabolism Compounds	Oxidative Phosphorylation Oxidative Phosphorylation Antagonists Oxidative Phosphorylation Inhibitors Oxidative Phosphorylation Activators Oxidative Phosphorylation Uncouplers
Prion Protein Prion Protein Compounds	Ubiquitin/Proteasome System Deubiquitinating Enzyme (DUB) Inhibitors Other Deubiquitinating Enzyme Compounds Proteasome Modulators Proteasome Inhibitors Ubiquitin E3 Ligase Inhibitors Ubiquitin-activating Enzyme E1 Inhibitors

Background

The levels of amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids in the body are dependent on the metabolic balance of catabolism and anabolism. Anabolism is a constructive metabolic process in which a cell uses energy to construct molecules such as enzymes and nucleic acids and perform other essential life functions. Anabolism involves three basic stages: firstly, the production of precursors such as amino acids, monosaccharides, isoprenoids and nucleotides; secondly, their activation into reactive forms; and thirdly, the assembly of these precursors into complex molecules.

Catabolism is the metabolic process by which the cell breaks down complex molecules. The purpose of catabolic reactions is to provide the energy and components needed by anabolic reactions. Catabolic reactions are normally exothermic and are further subdivided according to their substrate into carbohydrate, fat, and protein catabolism.

Adipocytokines are bioactive products produced by adipose tissue and include inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-8), angiogenic proteins (VEGF), and metabolic regulators (adiponectin, leptin). The levels of circulating glucose are controlled by contrasting actions of two pancreatic enzymes, insulin and glucagon. In addition, lipid metabolism is determined by the relative amounts of lipid generation, transport, storage and breakdown.

Metabolism

Small Molecules for Cell Metabolism Targets

Background

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