Simple Plex Mouse/Rat TGF-beta 1 Cartridge

Simple Plex Mouse/Rat TGF-beta 1 Cartridge Summary

*The Sample Volume represented is based on the amount of sample incorporated into the reaction after taking into account the assay’s minimum required dilution for a given matrix. Serial dilution may be necessary to achieve some of the final sample volumes represented.

Product Summary

Precision

Serum, Platelet-poor EDTA Plasma, Platelet-poor Heparin Plasma

Linearity

Scientific Data

N/A View Larger

Mouse/Rat TGF-beta 1 Simple Plex Assay Standard Curve

Product Datasheets

Preparation and Storage

Background: TGF-beta 1

Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1, 2, and 3 (TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, and TGF-beta 3) are highly pleiotropic cytokines that virtually all cell types secrete. TGF-beta molecules are proposed to act as cellular switches that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Targeted deletions of these genes in mice show that each TGF-beta isoform has some non-redundant functions: TGF-beta 1 is involved in hematopoiesis and endothelial differentiation; TGF-beta 2 affects development of cardiac, lung, craniofacial, limb, eye, ear, and urogenital systems; and TGF-beta 3 influences palatogenesis and pulmonary development. The full range of in vitro biological activities of TGF-beta 5 has not yet been explored. However, TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, TGF-beta 3, and TGF-beta 5 have been found to be largely interchangeable in an inhibitory bioassay, and it is anticipated that TGF-beta 5 will show a spectrum of activities similar to the other TGF-beta family members. To date, the production of TGF-beta 5 has only been demonstrated in Xenopus.

TGF-beta ligands are initially synthesized as precursor proteins that undergo proteolytic cleavage. The mature segments form active ligand dimers via a disulfide-rich core consisting of the characteristic 'cysteine knot'. TGF-beta signaling begins with binding to a complex of the accessory receptor betaglycan (also known as TGF-beta RIII) and a type II serine/threonine kinase receptor termed TGF-beta RII. This receptor then phosphorylates and activates a type I serine/threonine kinase receptor, either ALK-1 or TGF-beta RI (also called ALK-5). The activated type I receptor phosphorylates and activates Smad proteins that regulate transcription. Use of other signaling pathways that are Smad-independent allows for distinct actions observed in response to TGF-beta in different contexts.

Related Research Areas

• Airway Inflammation and Remodeling
• Alpha Granule Soluble Molecules
• Cancer Biomarkers
• Cytokines and Receptors in Allergy and Asthma
• Cytokines and Receptors in Angiogenesis
• Early Mesodermal Lineage Markers
• EMT Induction
• HIF Transcription Factors
• Inflammatory Mediators
• Microglia Activation Markers
• Microglia Homeostasis
• Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC)
• Neuroinflammatory Factors
• Preeclampsia
• Regulatory T Cells (Tregs)
• Search Cytokine and Growth Factor Products
• TGF-beta Family
• TGF-beta Family Ligands