Vascular Endothelium Products

R&D Systems supports vascular endothelium research with a full line of recombinant proteins and antibodies as well as Tocris Bioscience peptides and small molecules. Our immunoassay selection includes Quantikine^® and DuoSet^® ELISA kits, ELISpot kits, Luminex^® assays, and Proteome Profiler^™ antibody arrays. We also provide stem cell and cell culture products to support your research. Learn More.

Recombinant Proteins

Adhesion Molecules

Endothelial Cell BMPs and Regulators

VEGF Family Proteins

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Quantikine^® and DuoSet^® ELISA Kits

Chemokines

Insulin Family

Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs)

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Antibodies

Lipid Uptake Receptors

Tight Junction Proteins

Toll-like Receptors (TLRs)

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Multi-analyte Assays

Luminex^® High Performance Assays

Proteome Profiler^® Intracellular phosphorylation array

Simple Plex Assays

 

Small Molecule Agonists and Antagonists

Chemokine Receptors

Oxidative Stress

Prostanoid and Leukotriene Receptors

Search all Small Molecules and Peptides

Cardiovascular Diagnostics

BiosPacific^™ IVD Assay Development

Cliniqa^® Chemistry Controls

 

Vascular Endothelium Literature and Resources

 

Brochures and Product Guides

Blood-Brain Barrier & Immune Cell Transmigration

Blood Coagulation

Cardiovascular Research Product Guide

GPCR Product Listing

Lipid Metabolism & Obesity

Products for Angiogenesis Research

Products for Chemokine Research

Products for Glycobiology Research

Signal Transduction Antibody Reference Guide

 

Posters

Angiogenesis Poster

Atherosclerosis Disease Progression

Periodic Table of Cytokine and Chemokine Families

 

References and Troubleshooting Guides

Chemokine Superfamily Pathway: Human/Mouse Ligand-Receptor Interactions

IHC/ICC Protocol Guide

Protocols/Troubleshooting Guides From Novus Biologicals^®

Protocols/Troubleshooting Guides From R&D Systems^®

VEGF-VEGF R2 Signaling Pathways

Background

Vascular endothelial cells (EC) form a monolayer that lines both blood and lymphatic vessels. EC are connected to each other by tight junctions, adherens junctions, and focal adhesions that maintain endothelial barrier function by regulating trans-endothelial permeability. EC mediate nutrient uptake from the bloodstream and undergo rapid proliferation during angiogenesis. Physical or chemical damage to the endothelium induces inflammatory responses characterized by the secretion of inflammatory mediators and the upregulation of adhesion molecules. Circulating immune cells adhere to the activted endothelium and migrate between EC to reach the inflammatory stimulus. Endothelial damage can also result in activation of the coagulation cascade to close off the vessel and prevent destructive bleeding.