Dickkopf related protein 1 (Dkk-1) is a member of the Dkk protein family that includes Dkk-1, -2, -3, and -4 (1). All four members are secreted proteins that are synthesized as precursor proteins with an N-terminal signal peptide and 2 conserved cysteine-rich domains, which are separated by a linker region. Dkk proteins have potential furin type proteolytic cleavage sites, and short forms of Dkk-2 and Dkk-4 containing only the second cysteine-rich domain can be generated by proteolytic processing (1). Dkk proteins have distinct patterns of expression in adult and embryonic tissues, suggesting that they may play diverse roles in these tissues. The Dkk proteins have distinct effects on Wnt signaling. Dkk-1 and Dkk-4 are Wnt antagonists. Dkk-3 has not been demonstrated to affect Wnt signaling, and Dkk-2 acts as an agonist or antagonist, depending on the cellular context. Wnt signaling regulates many important developmental processes including neural crest differentiation, brain development, kidney morphogenesis, and sex determination. In addition, Wnt signaling has also been implicated in tumor formation. Canonical Wnt signaling via the beta-catenin pathway is transduced by a receptor complex composed of the Frizzled proteins (Fz) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related proteins (LRP5/6) (2, 3). Unlike many soluble Wnt antagonists that function by binding extracellular Wnt ligands to prevent interaction of Wnt with the Fz-LRP5/6 receptor complex, Dkk-1 and Dkk-4 antagonize Wnt/ beta -catenin signaling by direct high-affinity binding to the Wnt coreceptor LRP5/6 and inhibiting interaction of LRP5/6 with the Wnt-Frizzled complex (4). Dkk-1 and Dkk-4 also bind the transmembrane proteins Kremen1 (Krm1) and Krm2 with high-affinity (5). Krm2 has been shown to form a ternary complex with Dkk-1 or -4 and LRP5/6 to trigger internalization of the complex and removal LRP6 from the cell surface. Thus, Dkk-1/4 and Kremens function synergistically to antagonize LRP5/6-mediated Wnt activity. Dkk-2 also binds to LRP5/6 and the Kremens, but Dkk-2 acts as antagonist of the Wnt signaling pathway only in the presence of Krm2 (5, 6). Dkk 2 binding to LRP5/6 in the absence of Krm2 activates rather than inhibits Wnt signaling (6).
Key Product Details
Validated by
Species Reactivity
Validated:
Cited:
Applications
Validated:
Cited:
Label
Antibody Source
Product Specifications
Immunogen
Thr32-His266
Accession # O94907
Specificity
Clonality
Host
Isotype
Endotoxin Level
Scientific Data Images for Human/Mouse Dkk‑1 Antibody
Detection of Human Dkk‑1 by Western Blot.
Western blot shows lysates of MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line, HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, A431 human epithelial carcinoma cell line, and A549 human lung carcinoma cell line. PVDF membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human/Mouse Dkk-1 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1096) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF017). Specific bands were detected for Dkk-1 at approximately 28-40 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1.
Detection of Mouse Dkk‑1 by Western Blot.
Western blot shows lysates of Neuro-2A mouse neuroblastoma cell line. PVDF membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human/Mouse Dkk-1 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1096) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF017). Specific bands were detected for Dkk-1 at approximately 28-40 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1.
Western Blot Shows Human Dkk‑1 Specificity by Using Knockout Cell Line.
Western blot shows lysates of HeLa human cervical epithelial carcinoma parental cell line and Dkk-1 knockout HeLa cell line (KO). PVDF membrane was probed with 0.2 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human/Mouse Dkk-1 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1096) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF017). A specific band was detected for Dkk-1 at approximately 35 kDa (as indicated) in the parental HeLa cell line, but is not detectable in knockout HeLa cell line. GAPDH (Catalog # AF5718) is shown as a loading control. This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1.
Detection of Mouse Dkk-1 by Immunohistochemistry
Thrombocyte is a major source of DKK1. (A-C) Upon BLM challenge, C57Bl/6J mice (n = 4 per group) were intraperitoneally injected with an isotype control antibody (Iso Ab) or anti-CD41a antibody ( alpha -CD41 Ab) on day 0. The lungs were harvested on day 2 (A). DKK1 protein levels were analyzed by IHC and Image J (B). Representative IHC images are shown (C). The boxed areas are shown in higher magnification below. DKK1-positive cells are indicated by red arrows. Bar = 20 μm (top and middle panels); 5 μm (bottom panels). (D) Peripheral blood was collected from Dkk1PKO mice (n = 5) and their Dkk1fl/fl littermate controls (n = 5). Circulating DKK1 protein levels were analyzed by DKK1 ELISA. (E) Hemavet analysis of inflammatory cells in the peripheral blood was performed from Dkk1PKO mice (n = 6) and their Dkk1fl/fl littermate controls (n = 6). Shown are white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, red blood cells (RBC), platelets, and mean platelet volume (MPV). A one-way ANOVA analysis with Bonferroni’s post hoc test was performed for (B). Student’s t-test was performed for (D, E). ****p < 0.0001, ns, not significant. See also Supplementary Figure 5. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38162655), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.Applications for Human/Mouse Dkk‑1 Antibody
Blockade of Receptor-ligand Interaction
In a functional ELISA, 0.1-0.4 μg/mL of this antibody will block 50% of the binding of 50 ng/mL of recombinant human biotinylated Dkk-1 to immobilized recombinant human LRP-6 Fc Chimera (Catalog # 1505-LR) coated at 1 µg/mL (100 µL/well). At 10 μg/mL, this antibody will block >90% of the binding.
Knockout Validated
Western Blot
Sample: MCF‑7 human breast cancer cell line, HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, A431 human epithelial carcinoma cell line, A549 human lung carcinoma cell line, and Neuro‑2A mouse neuroblastoma cell line
Reviewed Applications
Read 3 reviews rated 4.7 using AF1096 in the following applications:
Formulation, Preparation, and Storage
Purification
Reconstitution
Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS. For liquid material, refer to CoA for concentration.
Formulation
Shipping
Stability & Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Calculators
Background: Dkk-1
References
- Krupnik, V.E. et al. (1999) Gene 238:301.
- Zorn, A.M (2001) Current Biology R592.
- Mao, J. et al. (2001) Mol. Cell 7:801.
- Nusse, R. et al. (2001) Nature 411:255.
- Mao, J. et al. (2002) Nature 417:664.
- Mao, B. and C. Niehrs (2003) Gene 302:179.
Long Name
Alternate Names
Gene Symbol
UniProt
Additional Dkk-1 Products
Product Documents for Human/Mouse Dkk‑1 Antibody
Certificate of Analysis
To download a Certificate of Analysis, please enter a lot or batch number in the search box below.
Note: Certificate of Analysis not available for kit components.
Product Specific Notices for Human/Mouse Dkk‑1 Antibody
For research use only
Related Research Areas
Citations for Human/Mouse Dkk‑1 Antibody
Powered by Bioz
Customer Reviews for Human/Mouse Dkk‑1 Antibody (3)
Have you used Human/Mouse Dkk‑1 Antibody?
Submit a review and receive an Amazon gift card!
$25/€18/£15/$25CAN/¥2500 Yen for a review with an image
$10/€7/£6/$10CAN/¥1110 Yen for a review without an image
Submit a review
Customer Images
-
Application: Western BlotSample Tested: MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lineSpecies: HumanVerified Customer | Posted 01/01/2026Whole cell lysate of MCF7
-
Application: Western BlotSample Tested: HCT-116 human colorectal carcinoma cell lineSpecies: HumanVerified Customer | Posted 01/01/2026Used at 0.7 ug/mL
-
Application: Western BlotSample Tested: Cell LysatesSpecies: HumanVerified Customer | Posted 12/04/2016Silencing of DKK-1 in MCF-7 cells. Buffer: 5% BSA. Dilution: 1/1,000.
There are no reviews that match your criteria.
Protocols
Find general support by application which include: protocols, troubleshooting, illustrated assays, videos and webinars.
- Cellular Response to Hypoxia Protocols
- R&D Systems Quality Control Western Blot Protocol
- Troubleshooting Guide: Western Blot Figures
- Western Blot Conditions
- Western Blot Protocol
- Western Blot Protocol for Cell Lysates
- Western Blot Troubleshooting
- Western Blot Troubleshooting Guide
- View all Protocols, Troubleshooting, Illustrated assays and Webinars
