Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

Human

Applications

Immunohistochemistry

Label

Unconjugated

Antibody Source

Recombinant Monoclonal Rabbit IgG Clone # 2694B
View all VSTM4 Primary Antibodies »

Product Specifications

Immunogen

Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line CHO-derived human VSTM4
Leu24-Tyr180
Accession # Q8IW00-1

Specificity

Detects human VSTM4 in direct ELISAs.

Clonality

Monoclonal

Host

Rabbit

Isotype

IgG

Scientific Data Images for Human VSTM4 Antibody

VSTM4 in Human Thyroid.

VSTM4 was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human thyroid using Rabbit Anti-Human VSTM4 Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB107671) at 3 µg/mL for 1 hour at room temperature followed by incubation with the Anti-Rabbit IgG VisUCyte™ HRP Polymer Antibody (VC003). Before incubation with the primary antibody, tissue was subjected to heat-induced epitope retrieval using Antigen Retrieval Reagent-Basic (CTS013). Tissue was stained using DAB (brown) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). Specific staining was localized to epithelial cells. Staining was performed using our protocol for IHC Staining with VisUCyte HRP Polymer Detection Reagents.

Applications for Human VSTM4 Antibody

Application
Recommended Usage

Immunohistochemistry

3-25 µg/mL
Sample: Immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human thyroid

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

Protein A or G purified from cell culture supernatant

Reconstitution

Reconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS. For liquid material, refer to CoA for concentration.

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.

Shipping

Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient temperature. Liquid small pack size (-SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Calculators

The reconstitution calculator allows you to quickly calculate the volume of a reagent to reconstitute your vial. Simply enter the mass of reagent and the target concentration and the calculator will determine the rest.

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Background: VSTM4

V-set and transmembrane domain-containing protein 4 (VSTM4) is a single-pass type I membrane protein in the immunoglobulin superfamily. Human VSTM4 is synthesized as a 320 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 23 aa signal sequence, 157 aa extracellular region, 21 aa TM domain, and 119 aa cytoplasmic tail. In humans, part of the extracellular region is cleaved into a 50 aa secreted peptide (aa 55-104) compared to mouse, which is cleaved into a 49 aa peptide (aa 55-103) (1). Because of its role in enhancing L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (L-VGCC) currents in photoreceptors, this peptide was named peptide Lv (1). Peptide Lv is expressed in the central nervous system and a variety of organs including spleen, intestine, retina, and lung (1, 2). The peptide may have possible roles in regulating the cardiovascular system and L-VGCC dependent neural plasticity (1, 2). Human VSTM4 gene is located on chromosome 10, which may be linked to late-onset Alzheimer's disease (3). Down-regulation of VSTM4 increased tamoxifen sensitivity and suppressed growth in cultured breast cancer cells (4). Within the ECD, human VSTM4 shares 87% and 85% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat VSTM4, respectively. The biological functions of VSTM4 remain unknown. Our in-house data show that VSTM4 inhibits the human T cell activation, including anti-CD3 induced IL-2 and IFN-gamma secretion, and T cell proliferation.

References

  1. Shi, L. et al. (2012) PLoS. 7:e43091.
  2. Shi, L. et al. (2015) Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1853:1154.
  3. Grupe, A. et al. (2006) Am. J. Hum. Genet. 78:78.
  4. Mendes-Pereira, A. et al. (2012) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 109:2730.

Long Name

V-Set And Transmembrane Domain Containing 4

Alternate Names

C10orf72

Entrez Gene IDs

196740 (Human); 320736 (Mouse); 361112 (Rat)

Gene Symbol

VSTM4

UniProt

Q8IW00-1

Additional VSTM4 Products

Product Documents for Human VSTM4 Antibody

Certificate of Analysis

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Product Specific Notices for Human VSTM4 Antibody

For research use only

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