Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

Human, Mouse, Rat

Applications

Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot, Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence

Label

Unconjugated

Antibody Source

Monoclonal Mouse IgG1 Clone # OTI1A10
View all Tyrosine Hydroxylase Primary Antibodies »

Product Specifications

Immunogen

Full length human recombinant protein of human TH(NP_000351) produced in HEK293T cell.

Clonality

Monoclonal

Host

Mouse

Isotype

IgG1

Description

Novus Biologicals Mouse Tyrosine Hydroxylase Antibody (OTI1A10) (NBP3-44649) is a monoclonal antibody validated for use in IHC, WB and ICC/IF. All Novus Biologicals antibodies are covered by our 100% guarantee.

Applications for Tyrosine Hydroxylase Antibody (OTI1A10)

Application
Recommended Usage

Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence

1:100

Immunohistochemistry

: 1:150

Western Blot

1:4000

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

>95%

Reconstitution

For reconstitution, we recommend adding 100uL distilled water to a final antibody concentration of about 1 mg/mL. To use this carrier-free antibody for conjugation experiment, we strongly recommend performing another round of desalting process.

Formulation

Lyophilized powder ( 1X PBS, pH 7.3,)

Preservative

8% Trehalose

Concentration

Please see the vial label for concentration. If unlisted please contact technical services.

Shipping

The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Store at -20 degrees C. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.

Calculators

The reconstitution calculator allows you to quickly calculate the volume of a reagent to reconstitute your vial. Simply enter the mass of reagent and the target concentration and the calculator will determine the rest.

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Background: Tyrosine Hydroxylase

The tetrameric enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), also designated as tyrosine 3-monooxygenase (TY3H), is the rate-limiting enzyme for catecholamine biosynthesis and has a theoretical molecular weight of 60 kDa. Encoded by the TH gene, TH catalyzes the conversion of the amino acid L-tyrosine to L-3,4- dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) in the central nervous system and adrenal medulla. The precursor of catecholamines, L-dopa, is converted to dopamine for use in the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) (1). Dysfunction in the TH gene, and thus the enzymatic activity by TH, dysregulates catecholamine synthesis.

Two transcription factor binding sites in the proximal region of the TH gene, the TPA-responsive element (TRE) and the c-AMP responsive element (CRE), have been implicated in the complex regulation of the TH gene. Dysregulation of breakdown for the amino acid, tyrosine, by TH is a result of a genetic disorder that results in Tyrosinemia (high levels of tyrosine in the blood, tissue and organs).

Tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency is a disorder that primarily affects movement, where individuals display symptoms that include lack of coordination when walking, postural tremors and unusual body positioning. TH deficient dopamine-responsive dystonia (DRD), also known as Segawa syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder that is associated with low levels of TH and is diagnosed during childhood with characteristic symptoms including increased muscle tone (dystonia) and signs of Parkinsonism like bradykinesia, tremors, rigidity and postural instability (2). Correspondingly, TH is also linked to Parkinson's disease in older adults, where low dopamine levels are a consistent neurochemical abnormality. Functional polymorphisms of the TH gene may be involved in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia and other affective disorders where dopamine is often dysregulated (3).

References

1. Hamanaka, Y., & Mizunami, M. (2019). Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the mushroom body of the field cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus. Cell Tissue Res, 376(1), 97-111. doi:10.1007/s00441-018-2969-9

2. Li, L., & Zhou, F. M. (2013). Parallel dopamine D1 receptor activity dependence of l-Dopa-induced normal movement and dyskinesia in mice. Neuroscience, 236, 66-76. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.12.065

3. Borkar, C. D., Bharne, A. P., Nagalakshmi, B., Sakharkar, A. J., Subhedar, N. K., & Kokare, D. M. (2018). Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Peptide (CART) Alleviates MK-801-Induced Schizophrenic Dementia-Like Symptoms. Neuroscience, 375, 94-107. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.056

Alternate Names

TH, TYH

Gene Symbol

TH

Additional Tyrosine Hydroxylase Products

Product Documents for Tyrosine Hydroxylase Antibody (OTI1A10)

Certificate of Analysis

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Product Specific Notices for Tyrosine Hydroxylase Antibody (OTI1A10)

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

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Protocols

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