TNF-alpha (Tumor necrosis factor alpha) plays a central role in inflammation, immune system development, apoptosis, and lipid metabolism. TNF-alpha was first identified as a cytotoxic factor produced by macrophages capable of killing mouse tumor cells. It is the prototypic ligand and along with Lymphotoxin-alpha, were identified as the first members of the TNF superfamily. Active TNF-alpha and other members of the TNF superfamily exist as a homotrimer with high structural homology. Receptor binding occurs at the interface of two TNF-alpha monomers. And receptor activation occurs when all three monomer interfaces are engaged with a receptor. For TNF-alpha, receptor binding and activation occurs through TNF R1 or TNF RII, and subsequently leads to activation of NF-kB or MAPK signaling pathways. Another pathway that TNF-alpha can activate utilizes the death domain of TNF RI to induce apoptosis. TNF-alpha promotes the inflammatory response largely through NF-kB signaling, and inhibition of TNF-alpha has proven successful in treating many autoimmune disorders. TNF-alpha is also present on the cell surface as membrane-bound TNF-alpha can induce the lysis of neighboring tumor cells and virus infected cells. TNF-alpha protein is translated as a type II transmembrane protein containing an N-terminal transmembrane domain. The soluble cytokine is released from its cell-anchoring TM domain by proteolytic processing by metalloproteases.
QuantiGlo Immunoassay Control Set 732 for Human TNF-alpha
R&D Systems | Catalog # QC196
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Product Summary for QuantiGlo Immunoassay Control Set 732 for Human TNF-alpha
INTENDED USE & DESCRIPTION
For use as quantitative controls for the determination of cytokine concentrations in biological fluids. Concentrations have been assigned using R&D Systems’ QuantiGlo® kits. Controls are prepared in diluted porcine serum with preservatives. They contain recombinant human cytokines at low, medium and high concentrations. Controls are supplied lyophilized.
STORAGE & STABILITY
Unreconstituted Controls should be stored at 2-8 °C and are stable for at least 6 months from date of receipt. Depending on the analyte of interest, reconstituted controls may be stable when stored at < -20 °C. Users should evaluate the frozen stability of the controls in their application or discard after use.
REAGENT PREPARATION
Reconstitute each vial with the volume of deionized or distilled water indicated on the product datasheet.
PROCEDURE & EXPECTED VALUES
Controls should be assayed in the same manner as unknown specimens.
The acceptable ranges for the analytes in these controls are printed on the product datasheet. Due to possible variations in techniques and methodologies, it is recommended that each laboratory determine its own target range. Laboratories using other test systems should establish their own acceptable ranges as these assays may produce different values.
TECHNICAL HINTS & LIMITATIONS OF THE PROCEDURE
• The ranges were determined using R&D Systems’ QuantiGlo kits. If expected values are not obtained, verify that the lot numbers on the vials correspond with the lot numbers listed above and the correct volume of deionized or distilled water was used for reconstitution of the controls.
• The results obtained with these controls depend upon several factors associated with methods and instrumentation. Test systems other than those supplied by R&D Systems may result in values that differ from those printed on this product datasheet.
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Background: TNF-alpha
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Additional TNF-alpha Products
Product Documents for QuantiGlo Immunoassay Control Set 732 for Human TNF-alpha
Certificate of Analysis
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Product Specific Notices for QuantiGlo Immunoassay Control Set 732 for Human TNF-alpha
For research use only
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