R&D Systems supports vascular endothelium research with a full line of recombinant proteins and antibodies as well as Tocris Bioscience peptides and small molecules. Our immunoassay selection includes Quantikine® and DuoSet® ELISA kits, ELISpot kits, Luminex® assays, and Proteome Profiler™ antibody arrays. We also provide stem cell and cell culture products to support your research. Learn More.
 |
 |
 |
 |
Recombinant Proteins
Quantikine® and DuoSet® ELISA Kits
Antibodies
Multi-analyte Assays
Luminex® High Performance Assays
Small Molecule Agonists and Antagonists
Vascular Endothelium Literature and Resources
Brochures and Product Guides
Blood-Brain Barrier & Immune Cell Transmigration
Cardiovascular Research Product Guide
Products for Angiogenesis Research
Products for Chemokine Research
Products for Glycobiology Research
Signal Transduction Antibody Reference Guide
Posters
References and Troubleshooting Guides
Chemokine Superfamily Pathway: Human/Mouse Ligand-Receptor Interactions
Protocols/Troubleshooting Guides From Novus Biologicals®
Protocols/Troubleshooting Guides From R&D Systems®
Background
Vascular endothelial cells (EC) form a monolayer that lines both blood and lymphatic vessels. EC are connected to each other by tight junctions, adherens junctions, and focal adhesions that maintain endothelial barrier function by regulating trans-endothelial permeability. EC mediate nutrient uptake from the bloodstream and undergo rapid proliferation during angiogenesis. Physical or chemical damage to the endothelium induces inflammatory responses characterized by the secretion of inflammatory mediators and the upregulation of adhesion molecules. Circulating immune cells adhere to the activted endothelium and migrate between EC to reach the inflammatory stimulus. Endothelial damage can also result in activation of the coagulation cascade to close off the vessel and prevent destructive bleeding.