Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A beta A subunit Antibody
Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A beta A subunit Antibody Summary
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Applications
Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A Sandwich Immunoassay
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
Scientific Data
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Hemoglobin Expression Induced by Activin A and Neutralization by Human/ Mouse/Rat Activin A Antibody. Recombinant Human/Mouse/ Rat Activin A (Catalog # 338-AC) increases hemoglobin expression in the K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line in a dose-dependent manner (orange line), as measured by the psuedoperoxidase assay. Hemoglobin Expression elicited by Recombinant Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A (7.5 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Goat Anti-Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A beta A subunit Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB3381). The ND50 is typically 0.02-0.06 µg/mL.
Reconstitution Calculator
Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Background: Activin A
Activin and Inhibin are members of the TGF-beta superfamily of cytokines and are involved in a wide range of biological processes including tissue morphogenesis and repair, fibrosis, inflammation, neural development, hematopoiesis, reproductive system function, and carcinogenesis (1‑7). Activin and Inhibin are produced as precursor proteins. Their amino terminal propeptides are proteolytically cleaved and facilitate formation of disulfide-linked dimers of the bioactive proteins (8, 9). Activins are nonglycosylated homodimers or heterodimers of various beta subunits ( beta A, beta B, beta C, and beta E in mammals), while Inhibins are heterodimers of a unique alpha subunit and one of the beta subunits. Activin A is a widely expressed homodimer of two beta A chains. The beta A subunit can also heterodimerize with a beta B or beta C subunit to form Activin AB and Activin AC, respectively (10). The 14 kDa mature human beta A chain shares 100% amino acid sequence identity with bovine, feline, mouse, porcine, and rat beta A. Activin A exerts its biological activities by binding to the type 2 serine/threonine kinase Activin RIIA which then noncovalently associates with the type 1 serine/threonine kinase Activin RIB/ALK-4 (7, 11). Signaling through this receptor complex leads to Smad activation and regulation of activin-responsive gene transcription (7, 11). The bioactivity of Activin A is regulated by a variety of mechanisms (11). BAMBI, Betaglycan, and Cripto are cell-associated molecules that function as decoy receptors or limit the ability of Activin A to induce receptor complex assembly (12‑14). The intracellular formation of Activin A can be prevented by the incorporation of the beta A subunit into Activin AC or Inhibin A (3, 10). And the bioavailability of Activin A is restricted by its incorporation into inactive complexes with alpha 2-Macroglobulin, Follistatin, and FLRG (15, 16).
- Kumanov, P. et al. (2005) Reprod. Biomed. Online 10:786.
- Maeshima, A. et al. (2008) Endocr. J. 55:1.
- Rodgarkia-Dara, C. et al. (2006) Mutat. Res. 613:123.
- Werner, S. and C. Alzheimer (2006) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 17:157.
- Xu, P. and A.K. Hall (2006) Dev. Biol. 299:303.
- Shav-Tal, Y. and D. Zipori (2002) Stem Cells 20:493.
- Chen, Y.G. et al. (2006) Exp. Biol. Med. 231:534.
- Gray, A.M. and A.J. Mason (1990) Science 247:1328.
- Mason, A.J. et al. (1996) Mol. Endocrinol. 10:1055.
- Thompson, T.B. et al. (2004) Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 225:9.
- Harrison, C.A. et al. (2005) Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 16:73.
- Onichtchouk, D. et al. (1999) Nature 401:480.
- Gray, P.C. et al. (2002) Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 188:254.
- Kelber, J.A. et al. (2008) J. Biol. Chem. 283:4490.
- Phillips, D.J. et al. (1997) J. Endocrinol. 155:65.
- Schneyer, A. et al. (2003) Endocrinology 144:1671.
Product Datasheets
Citations for Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A beta A subunit Antibody
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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Orally-active, clinically-translatable senolytics restore alpha-Klotho in mice and humans
Authors: Y Zhu, LGPL Prata, EOW Gerdes, JME Netto, T Pirtskhala, N Giorgadze, U Tripathi, CL Inman, KO Johnson, A Xue, AK Palmer, T Chen, K Schaefer, JN Justice, AM Nambiar, N Musi, SB Kritchevsk, J Chen, S Khosla, D Jurk, MJ Schafer, T Tchkonia, JL Kirkland
EBioMedicine, 2022;0(0):103912.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Neutralization -
Role of stromal activin A in human pancreatic cancer and metastasis in mice
Authors: G Mancinelli, C Torres, N Krett, J Bauer, K Castellano, R McKinney, D Dawson, G Guzman, R Hwang, S Grimaldo, P Grippo, B Jung
Scientific Reports, 2021;11(1):7986.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: ICC -
Activin A programs the differentiation of human TFH cells
Nat Immunol, 2016;17(8):976-84.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Adipose Stromal Cell Contact with Endothelial Cells Results in Loss of Complementary Vasculogenic Activity Mediated by Induction of Activin A.
Authors: Merfeld-Clauss S, Lupov I, Lu H, March K, Traktuev D
Stem Cells, 2015;33(10):3039-51.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
Applications: Neutralization -
Low miR-143/miR-145 Cluster Levels Induce Activin A Overexpression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas, Which Contributes to Poor Prognosis.
Authors: Bufalino A, Cervigne N, de Oliveira C, Fonseca F, Rodrigues P, Macedo C, Sobral L, Miguel M, Lopes M, Paes Leme A, Lambert D, Salo T, Kowalski L, Graner E, Coletta R
PLoS ONE, 2015;10(8):e0136599.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
Applications: ELISA Development -
Activin A skews macrophage polarization by promoting a proinflammatory phenotype and inhibiting the acquisition of anti-inflammatory macrophage markers.
Authors: Sierra-Filardi E, Puig-Kroger A, Blanco FJ, Nieto C, Bragado R, Palomero MI, Bernabeu C, Vega MA, Corbi AL
Blood, 2011;117(19):5092-101.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Neutralization -
Activin A is an anticatabolic autocrine cytokine in articular cartilage whose production is controlled by fibroblast growth factor 2 and NF-kappaB.
Authors: Alexander S, Watt F, Sawaji Y, Hermansson M, Saklatvala J
Arthritis Rheum., 2007;56(11):3715-25.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Neutralization -
The neuroprotective effect of Activin A and B: implication for neurodegenerative diseases.
Authors: Kupershmidt L, Amit T, Bar-Am O, Youdim MB, Blumenfeld Z
J. Neurochem., 2007;103(3):962-71.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot -
Fibroblast growth factor 2 modulates transforming growth factor beta signaling in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and human ESCs (hESCs) to support hESC self-renewal.
Authors: Greber B, Lehrach H, Adjaye J
Stem Cells, 2006;25(2):455-64.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
Applications: ELISA Development -
Requirement of Smad3 for mast cell growth.
Authors: Funaba M, Nakaya K, Ikeda T, Murakami M, Tsuchida K, Sugino H
Cell. Immunol., 2006;240(1):47-52.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot -
N-cadherin is regulated by activin A and associated with tumor aggressiveness in esophageal carcinoma.
Authors: Utsunomiya T, Sonoda H, Mimori K
Clin. Cancer Res., 2004;10(17):5702-7.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
Applications: Western Blot
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Reviews for Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A beta A subunit Antibody
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We used this INHBA (100ng/mL) neutralizing antibody as part of an antibody cocktail containing several other antibodies to neutralize INHBA present in the Conditioned Medium (CM) from BT549 Cells treated with Angiotensin II. The effect of cytokines in the CM (+/-Neutralizing ab Cocktail) on Endothelial (HUVEC) Cell migration was measured using Incucyte Zoom Chemotaxis Assay.
I added a sulfo tag to this antibody and used it as a detection antibody when developing an immunoassay for Activin A.
