Goat anti-Mouse IgG Secondary Antibody

Detection of IgG by Western Blot

Activin A regulation of MRTF-A contributes to alpha SMA induction by TGF beta 1 in MC. a ActA (20 ng/ml) and TGF beta 1 show an additive effect on alpha SMA promoter transcriptional activation at 24 h (n = 6). Activin inhibition with b follistatin (n = 7) and c an actA neutralizing antibody decrease TGF beta 1-induced alpha SMA promoter transcriptional activity (n = 14–23). d actB neutralization does not decrease TGF beta 1-induced alpha SMA promoter transcriptional activity (n = 6–9). e actA increases MRTF-A nuclear localization at 18 h (n = 5). TGF beta 1-induced nuclear MRTF-A translocation is attenuated with f follistatin (n = 9) and g actA neutralization (n = 5). h ActA-induced alpha SMA promoter transcriptional activity is inhibited by MRTF-A siRNA (n = 9) and i the Smad3 inhibitor SIS3 (n = 3). *, **, ***, ****P < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001; one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons post hoc test Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36717814), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

Detection of IgG by Western Blot

Specific activin A inhibition attenuates TGF beta 1-induced Smad3 activation and profibrotic responses in MC. a ELISA demonstrates that TGF beta 1 (24 h) increases actA and actB secretion (n = 3) to 19.5 ng/ml and 2.5 ng/ml, representing an 8.9- and 1.06-fold induction respectively. b TGF beta 1 increases actA in whole cell lysate by 1.8-fold (n = 3). c ActA (20 ng/ml) upregulates FN (n = 3–4), CTGF (n = 4) and alpha SMA (n = 6) at 48 h. d TGF beta 1 and actA both increase Smad3 transcriptional activity; no synergistic effect is seen (n = 6–12). e An actA neutralizing antibody attenuates TGF beta 1-induced FN (n = 5–6), alpha SMA (n = 5), CTGF (n = 5–6), and Smad3 activation (n = 10–12). f ActA neutralization decreases TGF beta 1-induced Smad3 transcriptional activity at 24 h (n = 9–15), but this is not decreased by actB neutralization (n = 6) (g). h MC were stimulated with TGF beta 1 or actA for 1 h, then treated with their type I receptor inhibitor SB431542 (50 µM). Restimulation with the same ligand shows that cells become refractory to TGF beta 1, but not actA (n = 4). *, **, ***, ****P < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001; one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons post hoc test Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36717814), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

Detection of IgG by Western Blot

Activins facilitate TGF beta 1 receptor type II upregulation in response to TGF beta 1 in MC. a Follistatin (FST) inhibits the TGF beta 1-induced increase in TRII expression at 24 h in whole cell lysate (n = 10–11). b The TGF beta 1-induced increase in cell surface TRII was diminished by follistatin at 24 h (n = 3). c No change in response to either TGF beta 1 or follistatin were seen with TRI (n = 6). d The TGF beta 1-induced increase in TRII transcript was also diminished by follistatin at 24 h (n = 13–15). e TGF beta 1 induction of TRII expression is reduced with an actA neutralizing antibody (n = 6). *, **, ***, ****P < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001; one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons post hoc test Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36717814), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.