Human TSG-6 Antibody Summary
Trp18-Leu277
Accession # P98066
Applications
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
Scientific Data
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TSG‑6 in human PBMCs. TSG-6 was detected in immersion fixed human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using Goat Anti-Human TSG-6 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF2104) at 15 µg/mL for 3 hours at room temperature. Cells were stained using the NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (red; Catalog # NL001) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). Specific staining was localized to cytoplasm. View our protocol for Fluorescent ICC Staining of Cells on Coverslips.
Reconstitution Calculator
Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Background: TSG-6
TSG-6 (TNF-stimulated Gene 6), also known as TNFIP6 is a secreted, 35‑39 kDa group A member of the LINK-Module superfamily of proteins (1‑4). Human TSG-6 is synthesized as a 277 amino acid (aa) precursor. It contains a 17 aa signal sequence and a 260 aa mature region (5, 6). The mature region shows an N-terminal LINK module (amino acids 36‑129) and a C-terminal CUB (C1s/C1r; urchin embryonic growth factor; BMP1) domain (amino acids 135‑247). Link modules are alpha -helical, beta ‑sheet structures that bind hyaluronan (HA) and participate in extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly (7). Mature human TSG-6 shares 94% aa identity with both mouse and canine TSG-6. Cells reported to express TSG-6 include activated fibroblasts, synoviocytes, chondrocytes, neutrophils, proximal tubular epithelium, bronchial epithelium, endothelium, and visceral, plus vascular smooth muscle (2, 8). TSG-6 has multiple functions, many of which involve the ECM. It is suggested to stabilize HA-rich ECM. It does so by serving as an intermediary, or link, between the individual subunits of extracellular decameric pentraxin 3 and the surrounding hyaluronan matrix (9). It also provides structure and organization to hyaluronan. This is accomplished by a TSG-6 mediated transfer of an 80‑85 kDa HC subunit from I alpha I (inter‑ alpha ‑inhibitor) to HA. I alpha I is a four-component, 225 kDa serine protease inhibitor. It contains a protease inhibitor subunit (bikunin), two independent, accompaning protein chains (HC1 and HC2), and a short chondroitin sulfate linking moiety. TSG-6 is a cation-dependent catalyst for the removal, transfer, and subsequent covalent linkage of HC 1/2 to surrounding HA. This provides substance and reinforcement to the ECM (1, 2, 10‑12). The disassembly of I alpha I also leads to free bikunin, which in the “free” state becomes a potent inhibitor of serine proteases (8).
- Milner, C.M. et al. (2006) Biochem. Soc. Trans. 34:446.
- Milner, C.M. and A.J. Day (2003) J. Cell Sci. 116:1863.
- Wisnieewski, H-G. and J. Vilcek (2004) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 15:129.
- Blundell, C.D. et al. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280:18189.
- Lee, T.H. et al. (1990) Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:1982.
- Lee, T.H. et al. (1992) J. Cell Biol. 116:545.
- Kohda, D. et al. (1996) Cell 86:767.
- Forteza, R. et al. (2007) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 36:20.
- Salustri, A. et al. (2003) Development 131:1577.
- Rugg, M.S. et al. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280:25674.
- Sanggaard, K.W. et al. (2006) Biochemistry 45:7661.
- Sanggaard, K.W. et al. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280:11936.
Product Datasheets
Citations for Human TSG-6 Antibody
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 3
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iPSC-derived MSC therapy induces immune tolerance and supports long-term graft survival in mouse orthotopic tracheal transplants
Authors: MA Khan, F Alanazi, HA Ahmed, T Shamma, K Kelly, MA Hammad, AO Alawad, AM Assiri, DC Broering
Stem Cell Res Ther, 2019-09-23;10(1):290.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC-Fr -
Concentrated Conditioned Media from Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mitigates Visual Deficits and Retinal Inflammation Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: KA Jha, M Pentecost, R Lenin, L Klaic, SL Elshaer, J Gentry, JM Russell, A Beland, A Reiner, V Jotterand, N Sohl, R Gangaraju
Int J Mol Sci, 2018-07-11;19(7):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
Applications: Western Blot -
Intravascular heavy chain-modification of hyaluronan during endotoxic shock
Authors: K Ni, A Gill, D Cao, K Koike, KS Schweitzer, S Garantziot, I Petrache
Biochem Biophys Rep, 2018-12-26;17(0):114-121.
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ICC on UMUC with 1 control and 2 conditions
