Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

Validated:

Human

Cited:

Human, Mouse

Applications

Validated:

Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot, Simple Western

Cited:

Western Blot, Immunoprecipitation

Label

Unconjugated

Antibody Source

Polyclonal Goat IgG
View all Thioredoxin-1 Primary Antibodies »

Product Specifications

Immunogen

E. coli-derived recombinant human Thioredoxin-1
Val2-Val105
Accession # P10599

Specificity

Detects human Thioredoxin-1 in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs, less than 25% cross-reactivity with recombinant mouse Thioredoxin-1 is observed.

Clonality

Polyclonal

Host

Goat

Isotype

IgG

Scientific Data Images for Human Thioredoxin‑1 Antibody

Detection of Human Thioredoxin-1 antibody by Western Blot.

Detection of Human Thioredoxin‑1 by Western Blot.

Western blot shows lysates of HeLa human cervical epithelial carcinoma cell line, HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, Jurkat human acute T cell leukemia cell line, K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line, and Raji human Burkitt's lymphoma cell line. PVDF membrane was probed with 0.1 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human Thioredoxin-1 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1970) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF019). A specific band was detected for Thioredoxin-1 at approximately 12 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1.

Detection of Human Thioredoxin‑1 by Simple WesternTM.

Simple Western shows lysates of Exosome Standards (HT‑29) (NBP3-11685) and Jurkat human acute T cell leukemia cell line, loaded at 0.5 mg/ml. A specific band was detected for Thioredoxin‑1 at approximately 10 kDa (as indicated) using 10 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human Thioredoxin‑1 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1970). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using the 2-40kDa separation system.
Thioredoxin-1 antibody in Human Breast Cancer Tissue by Immunohistochemistry (IHC-P).

Thioredoxin‑1 in Human Breast Cancer Tissue.

Thioredoxin‑1 was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human breast cancer tissue using Goat Anti-Human Thioredoxin‑1 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1970) at 15 µg/mL overnight at 4 °C. Tissue was stained using the Anti-Goat HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; Catalog # CTS008) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). View our protocol for Chromogenic IHC Staining of Paraffin-embedded Tissue Sections.
Thioredoxin-1 antibody in Human Breast Cancer Tissue by Immunohistochemistry (IHC-P).

Thioredoxin‑1 in Human Breast Cancer Tissue.

Thioredoxin‑1 was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human breast cancer tissue using Goat Anti-Human Thioredoxin‑1 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1970) at 5 µg/mL overnight at 4 °C. Tissue was stained using the Anti-Goat HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; Catalog # CTS008) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). View our protocol for Chromogenic IHC Staining of Paraffin-embedded Tissue Sections.

Applications for Human Thioredoxin‑1 Antibody

Application
Recommended Usage

Immunohistochemistry

5-15 µg/mL
Sample: Immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human breast cancer tissue

Simple Western

10 µg/mL
Sample: Exosome Standards (HT-29) (Catalog # NBP3-11685) and Jurkat human acute T cell leukemia cell line

Western Blot

0.1 µg/mL
Sample: HeLa human cervical epithelial carcinoma cell line, HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, and Raji human Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, Jurkat human acute T cell leukemia cell line, K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line, and Raji human Burkitt's lymphoma cell line

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

Antigen Affinity-purified

Reconstitution

Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS. For liquid material, refer to CoA for concentration.

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. See Certificate of Analysis for details.
*Small pack size (-SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.

Shipping

Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient temperature. Liquid small pack size (-SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Calculators

The reconstitution calculator allows you to quickly calculate the volume of a reagent to reconstitute your vial. Simply enter the mass of reagent and the target concentration and the calculator will determine the rest.

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Background: Thioredoxin-1

Thioredoxins (Trxs) are a group of small ubiquitous proteins in all living cells that are key regulators of cellular redox balance (1, 2). The mammalian Trx family has three members. The Trx-1, which is a secreted and cellular protein, the mitochondria-specific Trx-2, and the Trx-like cytosolic protein p32TrxL (3-5). The active site of mammalian Trxs contains two cysteines in the conserved sequence -Y-C-G-P-C-K-. In Trx-1 the conserved cysteine residues are in positions 32 and 35, respectively. Trxs exist either in a reduced or in an oxidized state when the two cysteines at the active site form an intramolecular disulfide bridge. NADPH and the flavoprotein thioredoxin reductase can convert the oxidized Trx into the reduced Trx. Trx-1 is the only extracellular occurring thioredoxin, and is secreted by lymphocytes, hepatocytes, fibroblasts, and several tumor cells. Plasma concentrations of Trx-1 are up to 6 nM (6). In cells, Trx-1 is localized predominantly in the cytoplasm. Small amounts have been detected in the nucleus and in association with the outside surface of the cells. Expression of Trx-1 is increased under various stress conditions such as hypoxia, elevated hydrogen peroxide concentrations, photochemical oxidative stress, and viral and bacterial infections. Biological functions of Trx-1 include growth factor activity, antioxidant properties, a cofactor that provides reducing equivalents, and transcriptional regulation (1, 2). The synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis patients produces increased levels of Trx-1 under oxidative stress conditions, and a correlation exists between the plasma levels of Trx-1 and the severity of the disease, making Trx-1 a biomarker for this pathological condition (7, 8).

References

  1. Holmgren, A. (1985) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 54:237.
  2. Powis, G. and W.R. Monfort (2001) Annu. Rev. Pharm. Toxicol. 41:269.
  3. Deiss, L.P. and A. Kimchi (1991) Science 252:117.
  4. Spyrou, G. et al. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272:2936.
  5. Miranda-Vizuete, A. et al. (1998) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 243:284.
  6. Nakamura, H. et al. (1997) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 15:147.
  7. Mourice, M.M. et al. (1999) Arthritis Rheum. 42:2430.
  8. Jikimoto, T. et al. (2001) Mol. Immunol. 38:765.

Alternate Names

Thioredoxin1, Trx1, TXN, TXN1

Entrez Gene IDs

7295 (Human)

Gene Symbol

TXN

UniProt

P10599

Additional Thioredoxin-1 Products

Product Documents for Human Thioredoxin‑1 Antibody

Certificate of Analysis

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Note: Certificate of Analysis not available for kit components.

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Product Specific Notices for Human Thioredoxin‑1 Antibody

For research use only

Citations for Human Thioredoxin‑1 Antibody

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Protocols

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Associated Pathways

MAPK Signaling: Oxidative Stress Pathway MAPK Signaling: Oxidative Stress Pathway Thumbnail