Oxidative Stress
Oxidative stress is a condition characterized by elevated levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS either are, or break down to form, free radicals. ROS include superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals (OH-) that are capable of reacting with, and damaging DNA, proteins, and lipids. Under normal conditions, ROS are cleared from the cell by reducing agents or by enzymatic reactions that remove reactive species. Low levels of intracellular ROS have been identified as second messengers in signaling pathways and implicated in transcriptional regulation to promote cell proliferation, but high concentrations of ROS result in cell cycle arrest and cell death. Whether the result is cell survival or apoptosis, oxidative stress activates numerous intracellular signaling pathways such as Akt, NF-kappa B, p53, Jak/Stat, and MAPK to affect changes in gene expression.
ROS Sensors, Adducts, and Inhibitor Molecules
| Carboxymethyl Lysine | Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors | Hydroxylase Inhibitors |
| LRRC33 | Park7/DJ-1 | TBARS/Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances |
ROS and Stress Resistance
Related Information
- Mini-review: Nitric Oxide Synthases (NOS)
- Mini-review: Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
- Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
- Free Radicals and Oxidative Stress
- New Tools: Recombinant Proteases of the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS)
- DNA Damage and Repair Kits & Reagents
- Superoxide Dismutase Assay Kits
- TBARS Parameter Kit for Measuring Oxidative Stress
- Interactive Pathway: Akt Signaling Pathway
- Interactive Pathway: Renin - Angiotensin Pathways
- Apoptosis Catalog 2010 (PDF 5MB)
- Neurodegenerative Disease
- Atherosclerosis Disease Progression Poster
- Kidney Cell Markers