Cyclases

The cyclase enzymes, adenylyl cyclase and guanylyl cyclase, convert ATP and GTP to cAMP and cGMP respectively, plus pyrophosphate. These enzymes are important in the production of second messenger molecules and so have a vital role in signal transduction in a variety of physiological processes.

Cyclase and Related Target Products

Adenylyl Cyclases (View All)

cAMP

Guanylyl Cyclases (View All)

Properties of Adenylyl Cyclases

SubtypeEndogenous ActivatorsEndogenous Inhibitors
AC1Ca2+/Calmodulin
PKC-evoked phosphorylation		Gαi
AC2Gβγ
PKC-evoked phosphorylation		-
AC3Ca2+/Calmodulin
PKC-evoked phosphorylation		Gαi
CaMKII-evoked phosphorylation
AC4GβγPKC-evoked phosphorylation
AC5PKC-evoked phosphorylationGαi
Ca2+
PKA-evoked phosphorylation
AC6-Gαi
Ca2+
PKA-evoked phosphorylation
PKC-evoked phosphorylation
AC7PKC-evoked phosphorylation-
AC8Ca2+-
AC9-Ca2+/calcineurin

References

Alexander et al (2008) Guide to receptors and channels (GRAC) 3rd edn. Br.J.Pharmacol. 153 S176.