Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Inhibitors

Both extracellular and intracellular pattern-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) bind to Toll-like receptors (TLR) and activate downstream TLR signaling pathways via the interaction of TIR domains with adaptor molecules. This leads to NF-kB pathway activation, which in turn induces inflammatory responses. The TLRs and their downstream signaling pathways can be studied with cell-permeable inhibitor peptides. Inhibitor peptides block signaling events through decoy action: a realistic replica used as a lure or bait. Each peptide employs a specific decoy mechanism that blocks the propagation of downstream signaling pathways.