Human Axl Antibody Summary
Glu33-Pro440
Accession # AAA61243
Applications
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
Data Examples

Detection of Human Axl by Western Blot. Western blot shows lysates of HeLa human cervical epithelial carcinoma cell line. PVDF membrane was probed with 1.0 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human Axl Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF154) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF017). A specific band was detected for Axl as an approximately 140 kDa glycoprotein (as indicated). This experiment was conducted using Immunoblot Buffer Group 2.

Detection of Axl in A431 Human Cell Line by Flow Cytometry. A431 human epithelial carcinoma cell line was stained with Goat Anti-Human Axl Affinity-Purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF154, filled histogram) or normal goat IgG control antibody (Catalog # AB-108C, open histogram) followed by APC-conjugated anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # F0108). View our protocol for Staining Membrane-associated Proteins.

Axl in Human Stomach. Axl was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human stomach using Goat Anti-Human Axl Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF154) at 3 µg/mL for 1 hour at room temperature followed by incubation with the Anti-Goat IgG VisUCyte™ HRP Polymer Antibody (Catalog # VC004). Tissue was stained using DAB (brown) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). Specific staining was localized to plasma membranes of epithelial cells in gastric glands. View our protocol for IHC Staining with VisUCyte HRP Polymer Detection Reagents.

Western Blot Shows Human Axl Specificity by Using Knockout Cell Line. Western blot shows lysates of A431 human epithelial carcinoma parental cell line and Axl knockout A431 cell line (KO). PVDF membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human Axl Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF154) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF017). A specific band was detected for Axl at approximately 150 kDa (as indicated) in the parental A431 cell line, but is not detectable in knockout A431 cell line. GAPDH (Catalog # AF5718) is shown as a loading control. This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1.

Axl Specificity is Shown by Flow Cytometry in Knockout Cell Line. Axl knockout A431 human epithelial carcinoma cell line was stained with Goat Anti-Human Axl Affinity-Purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF154, filled histogram) or normal goat IgG control antibody (Catalog # AB-108C, open histogram) followed by APC-conjugated anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # F0108). No staining was observed in the Axl knockout A431 cell line. View our protocol for Staining Membrane-associated Proteins.
Reconstitution Calculator
Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Background: Axl
Axl (Ufo, Ark), Dtk (Sky, Tyro3, Rse, Brt), and Mer (human and mouse homologues of chicken c-Eyk) constitute a subfamily of the receptor tyrosine kinases (1, 2). The extracellular domains of these proteins contain two Ig-like motifs and two fibronectin type III motifs. This characteristic topology is also found in neural cell adhesion molecules and in receptor tyrosine phosphatases. The human Axl cDNA encodes an 887 amino acid (aa) precursor that includes an 18 aa signal sequence, a 426 aa extracellular domain, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 422 aa cytoplasmic domain. The extracellular domains of human and mouse Axl share 81% aa sequence identity. A short alternately spliced form of human Axl is distinguished by a 9 aa deletion in the extracellular juxtamembrane region. These receptors bind the vitamin K-dependent protein growth arrest specific gene 6 (Gas6) which is structurally related to the anticoagulation factor protein S. Binding of Gas6 induces receptor autophosphorylation and downstream signaling pathways that can lead to cell proliferation, migration, or the prevention of apoptosis (3). This family of tyrosine kinase receptors is involved in hematopoiesis, embryonic development, tumorigenesis, and regulation of testicular functions.
- Yanagita, M. (2004) Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. 13:465.
- Nagata, K. et al. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 22:30022.
- Holland, S. et al. (2005) Canc. Res. 65:9294.
Product Datasheets
Citations for Human Axl Antibody
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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Zika virus infects pericytes in the choroid plexus and enters the central nervous system through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier
Authors: J Kim, B Alejandro, M Hetman, EM Hattab, J Joiner, H Schroten, H Ishikawa, DH Chung
PLoS Pathog., 2020;16(5):e1008204.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: ICC -
Enapotamab vedotin, an AXL-specific antibody-drug conjugate, shows preclinical antitumor activity in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: LA Koopman, MG Terp, GG Zom, ML Janmaat, K Jacobsen, E Gresnigt-V, M Brandhorst, U Forssmann, FM de Bree, N Pencheva, A Lingnau, MA Zipeto, PW Parren, EC Breij, HJ Ditzel
JCI Insight, 2019;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot -
Axl Promotes Zika Virus Entry and Modulates the Antiviral State of Human Sertoli Cells
Authors: DP Strange, B Jiyarom, N Pourhabibi, X Xie, C Baker, H Sadri-Arde, PY Shi, S Verma
MBio, 2019;10(4):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Neutralization -
Inhibition of MERTK Promotes Suppression of Tumor Growth in BRAF Mutant and BRAF Wild-Type Melanoma
Authors: L Sinik, KA Minson, JJ Tentler, J Carrico, SM Bagby, WA Robinson, R Kami, T Burstyn-Co, SG Eckhardt, X Wang, SV Frye, HS Earp, D DeRyckere, DK Graham
Mol. Cancer Ther., 2019;18(2):278-288.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot -
Platelets Promote Macrophage Polarization toward Pro-inflammatory Phenotype and Increase Survival of Septic Mice
Authors: A Carestia, HA Mena, CM Olexen, JM Ortiz Wilc, S Negrotto, AE Errasti, RM Gómez, CN Jenne, EA Carrera Si, M Schattner
Cell Rep, 2019;28(4):896-908.e5.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Neutralization -
p5RHH nanoparticle-mediated delivery of AXL siRNA inhibits metastasis of ovarian and uterine cancer cells in mouse xenografts
Authors: KA Mills, JM Quinn, ST Roach, M Palisoul, M Nguyen, H Noia, L Guo, J Fazal, DG Mutch, SA Wickline, H Pan, KC Fuh
Sci Rep, 2019;9(1):4762.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot -
S100A10 is a critical mediator of GAS6/AXL-induced angiogenesis in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Y Xiao, H Zhao, L Tian, R Nolley, AN Diep, A Ernst, KC Fuh, YR Miao, R von Eyben, JT Leppert, JD Brooks, DM Peehl, AJ Giaccia, EB Rankin
Cancer Res., 2019;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC -
A FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF GAS6/TAM IN NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS PROGRESSION IMPLICATES AXL AS THERAPEUTIC TARGET
Authors: A Tutusaus, E de Gregori, B Cucarull, H Cristóbal, C Aresté, I Graupera, M Coll, A Colell, G Gausdal, JB Lorens, P García de, A Morales, M Marí
Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2019;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Cell Culture -
ATP-binding cassette member B5 (ABCB5) promotes tumor cell invasiveness in human colorectal cancer
Authors: Q Guo, T Grimmig, G Gonzalez, A Giobbie-Hu, G Berg, N Carr, BJ Wilson, P Banerjee, J Ma, JS Gold, B Nandi, Q Huang, AM Waaga-Gass, CG Lian, GF Murphy, MH Frank, M Gasser, NY Frank
J. Biol. Chem., 2018;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot -
Human Sertoli cells support high levels of Zika virus replication and persistence
Authors: A Kumar, J Jovel, J Lopez-Oroz, D Limonta, AM Airo, S Hou, I Stryapunin, C Fibke, RB Moore, TC Hobman
Sci Rep, 2018;8(1):5477.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Neutralization -
Infection by Zika viruses requires the transmembrane protein AXL, endocytosis and low pH
Authors: M Persaud, A Martinez-L, C Buffone, SA Porcelli, F Diaz-Griff
Virology, 2018;518(0):301-312.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
Protein S and Gas6 induce efferocytosis of HIV-1-infected cells
Authors: BA Chua, JA Ngo, K Situ, CM Ramirez, H Nakano, K Morizono
Virology, 2018;515(0):176-190.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Neutralization -
A phase I study of foretinib plus erlotinib in patients with previously treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Canadian cancer trials group IND.196
Authors: NB Leighl, MS Tsao, G Liu, D Tu, C Ho, FA Shepherd, N Murray, JR Goffin, G Nicholas, S Sakashita, Z Chen, L Kim, J Powers, L Seymour, G Goss, PA Bradbury
Oncotarget, 2017;8(41):69651-69662.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC -
Viral Infection Sensitizes Human Fetal Membranes to Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide by MERTK Inhibition and Inflammasome Activation
Authors: SN Cross, JA Potter, P Aldo, JY Kwon, M Pitruzzell, M Tong, S Guller, CV Rothlin, G Mor, VM Abrahams
J. Immunol., 2017;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
Applications: Western Blot -
Expression and role of TYRO3 and AXL as potential therapeutical targets in leiomyosarcoma
Authors: C Dantas-Bar, T Lesluyes, FL Loarer, F Chibon, I Treilleux, JM Coindre, P Meeus, M Brahmi, O Bally, I Ray-Coquar, MP Sunyach, AL Cesne, O Mir, S Bonvalot, M Toulmonde, A Italiano, P Saintigny, M Jean-Denis, F Ducimetier, D Ranchere, H El Sayadi, L Alberti, JY Blay
Br. J. Cancer, 2017;117(12):1787-1797.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
TAM Receptors Are Not Required for Zika Virus Infection in Mice
Authors: AK Hastings, LJ Yockey, BW Jagger, J Hwang, R Uraki, HF Gaitsch, LA Parnell, B Cao, IU Mysorekar, CV Rothlin, E Fikrig, MS Diamond, A Iwasaki
Cell Rep, 2017;19(3):558-568.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
Applications: Western Blot -
Gas6 derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes migration of Axl-expressing lung cancer cells during chemotherapy
Authors: R Kanzaki, H Naito, K Kise, K Takara, D Eino, M Minami, Y Shintani, S Funaki, T Kawamura, T Kimura, M Okumura, N Takakura
Sci Rep, 2017;7(1):10613.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot -
AXL-dependent infection of human fetal endothelial cells distinguishes Zika virus from other pathogenic flaviviruses
Authors: AS Richard, BS Shim, YC Kwon, R Zhang, Y Otsuka, K Schmitt, F Berri, MS Diamond, H Choe
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 2017;114(8):2024-2029.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Neutralization -
Primary Human Placental Trophoblasts are Permissive for Zika Virus (ZIKV) Replication
Authors: KM Aagaard, A Lahon, MA Suter, RP Arya, MD Seferovic, MB Vogt, M Hu, F Stossi, MA Mancini, RA Harris, M Kahr, C Eppes, M Rac, MA Belfort, CS Park, D Lacorazza, R Rico-Hesse
Sci Rep, 2017;7(0):41389.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: ICC -
Inhibition of the GAS6/AXL pathway augments the efficacy of chemotherapies
Authors: Mihalis S Kariolis
J. Clin. Invest, 2016;0(0):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot -
The Gas6-Axl Protein Interaction Mediates Endothelial Uptake of Platelet Microparticles
Authors: KE Happonen, S Tran, M Mörgelin, R Prince, S Calzavarin, A Angelillo-, B Dahlbäck
J. Biol. Chem., 2016;291(20):10586-601.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot -
AXL receptor signalling suppresses p53 in melanoma through stabilization of the MDMX-MDM2 complex
Authors: Zhi-Min Yuan
J Mol Cell Biol, 2016;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot -
Zika virus cell tropism in the developing human brain and inhibition by azithromycin
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2016;113(50):14408-14413.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Neutralization -
Clinical, Pathological, and Molecular Features of Lung Adenocarcinomas with AXL Expression
Authors: K Sato, K Suda, S Shimizu, K Sakai, H Mizuuchi, K Tomizawa, T Takemoto, K Nishio, T Mitsudomi
PLoS ONE, 2016;11(4):e0154186.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC-P -
Cotargeting MNK and MEK kinases induces the regression of NF1-mutant cancers
J Clin Invest, 2016;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot -
Implication of the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase AXL in Head and Neck Cancer Progression
Int J Mol Sci, 2016;18(1):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC -
ZEB1-mediated melanoma cell plasticity enhances resistance to MAPK inhibitors
EMBO Mol Med, 2016;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot -
AXL modulates extracellular matrix protein expression and is essential for invasion and metastasis in endometrial cancer
Authors: LM Divine, MR Nguyen, E Meller, RA Desai, B Arif, EB Rankin, KH Bligard, C Meyerson, IS Hagemann, M Massad, PH Thaker, AR Hagemann, CK McCourt, MA Powell, DG Mutch, KC Fuh
Oncotarget, 2016;7(47):77291-77305.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC -
The Axl-Regulating Tumor Suppressor miR-34a Is Increased in ccRCC but Does Not Correlate with Axl mRNA or Axl Protein Levels.
Authors: Fritz H, Gustafsson A, Ljungberg B, Ceder Y, Axelson H, Dahlback B
PLoS ONE, 2015;10(8):e0135991.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
MET and AXL inhibitor NPS-1034 exerts efficacy against lung cancer cells resistant to EGFR kinase inhibitors because of MET or AXL activation.
Authors: Rho, Jin Kyun, Choi, Yun Jung, Kim, Seon Ye, Kim, Tae Won, Choi, Eun Kyun, Yoon, Seon-Joo, Park, Bu Man, Park, Eunhye, Bae, Jong Hwa, Choi, Chang-Mi, Lee, Jae Cheo
Cancer Res, 2014;74(1):253-62.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot -
Mechanisms of acquired resistance to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor in Korean patients with lung cancer.
Authors: Ji, Wonjun, Choi, Chang-Mi, Rho, Jin Kyun, Jang, Se Jin, Park, Young So, Chun, Sung-Min, Kim, Woo Sung, Lee, Jung-Shi, Kim, Sang-We, Lee, Dae Ho, Lee, Jae Cheo
BMC Cancer, 2013;13(0):606.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC-P -
Identification of cell surface molecules involved in dystroglycan-independent Lassa virus cell entry.
Authors: Shimojima M, Stroher U, Ebihara H, Feldmann H, Kawaoka Y
J. Virol., 2012;86(4):2067-78.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
Prolonged exposure to a Mer ligand in leukemia: Gas6 favors expression of a partial Mer glycoform and reveals a novel role for Mer in the nucleus.
Authors: Migdall-Wilson J, Bates C, Schlegel J, Brandao L, Linger RM, Deryckere D, Graham DK
PLoS ONE, 2012;7(2):e31635.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot -
Activation of the AXL kinase causes resistance to EGFR-targeted therapy in lung cancer.
Authors: Zhang Z, Lee JC
Nat. Genet., 2012;44(8):852-860.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Immunoprecipitation -
Cross-phosphorylation, signaling and proliferative functions of the Tyro3 and Axl receptors in Rat2 cells.
Authors: Brown JE, Krodel M, Pazos M
PLoS ONE, 2012;7(5):e36800.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Immunoprecipitation -
Identification of Axl as a downstream effector of TGF-beta1 during Langerhans cell differentiation and epidermal homeostasis.
J. Exp. Med., 2012;209(11):2033-47.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Neutralization -
Increased secretion of Gas6 by smooth muscle cells in human atherosclerotic carotid plaques.
Authors: Clauser S, Meilhac O, Bieche I, Raynal P, Bruneval P, Michel JB, Borgel D
Thromb. Haemost., 2011;107(1):140-9.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: ICC -
Pharmacoproteomics of a metalloproteinase hydroxamate inhibitor in breast cancer cells: dynamics of membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase-mediated membrane protein shedding.
Authors: Butler GS, Dean RA, Tam EM, Overall CM
Mol. Cell. Biol., 2008;28(15):4896-914.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot -
Auto-oxidation and oligomerization of protein S on the apoptotic cell surface is required for mer tyrosine kinase-mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic cells.
Authors: Uehara H, Shacter E
J. Immunol., 2008;180(4):2522-30.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot -
Axl/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling inhibits mineral deposition by vascular smooth muscle cells.
Authors: Collett GD, Sage AP, Kirton JP, Alexander MY, Gilmore AP, Canfield AE
Circ. Res., 2007;100(4):502-9.
Species: Bovine
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Immunoprecipitation -
Gas6 receptors Axl, Sky and Mer enhance platelet activation and regulate thrombotic responses.
Authors: Gould WR, Baxi SM, Schroeder R, Peng YW, Leadley RJ, Peterson JT, Perrin LA
J. Thromb. Haemost., 2005;3(4):733-41.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry
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