Human TDO2 Antibody

Catalog #: MAB9768 Datasheet / COA / SDS

Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase

Catalog #	Availability	Size / Price	Qty
MAB9768-100
MAB9768-SP

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Summary Data Examples Preparation and Storage Reconstitution Calculator Background Product Datasheets Related Research Areas

Human TDO2 Antibody Summary

Species Reactivity

Human

Specificity

Detects human TDO2 in direct ELISAs.

Source

Monoclonal Mouse IgG_2B Clone # 998604

Purification

Protein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatant

Immunogen

E. coli-derived human TDO2
Leu18-Phe388
Accession # P48775

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.

Label

Unconjugated

Applications

Recommended Concentration

Sample

Immunohistochemistry

5-25 µg/mL

See below

CyTOF-ready

Ready to be labeled using established conjugation methods. No BSA or other carrier proteins that could interfere with conjugation.

Intracellular Staining by Flow Cytometry

0.25 µg/10⁶ cells

See below

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Scientific Data

Immunohistochemistry

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TDO2 in Human Liver. TDO2 was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human liver using Mouse Anti-Human TDO2 Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB9768) at 5 µg/mL for 1 hour at room temperature followed by incubation with the Anti-Mouse IgG VisUCyte™ HRP Polymer Antibody (Catalog # VC001). Before incubation with the primary antibody, tissue was subjected to heat-induced epitope retrieval using Antigen Retrieval Reagent-Basic (Catalog # CTS013). Tissue was stained using DAB (brown) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). Specific staining was localized to cytoplasm in hepatocytes. View our protocol for IHC Staining with VisUCyte HRP Polymer Detection Reagents.

Intracellular Staining by Flow Cytometry

Detection of TDO2 antibody in A431 Human Cell Line antibody by Flow Cytometry.

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Detection of TDO2 in A431 Human Cell Line by Flow Cytometry. A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cell line was stained with Mouse Anti-Human TDO2 Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB9768, filled histogram) or isotype control antibody (Catalog # MAB0041, open histogram), followed by Allophycocyanin-conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # F0101B). To facilitate intracellular staining, cells were fixed with paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with saponin. View our protocol for Staining Intracellular Molecules.

Reconstitution Calculator

Preparation and Storage

Reconstitution

Reconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Reconstitution Buffer Available

Reconstitution Buffer 1 (PBS)

Shipping

The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. *Small pack size (SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at -20 to -70 °C

Stability & Storage

Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: TDO2

Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2), a heme-containing cytosolic dioxygenase, forms a homo-tetrameric active molecule of approximately 190 kDa composed of 48 kDa monomers (1, 2). Human TDO2 shares 89% aa sequence identity with mouse TDO2. TDO2 is one of three proteins capable of catalyzing the first and rate‑limiting step of the L-kynurenine pathway (KP): oxidative cleavage of the essential amino acid L-tryptophan to form N‑formyl‑kynurenine (3). TDO2 is a cytosolic protein typically localized to the liver and brain, unlike the more ubiquitously expressed indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), yet it is responsible for ~90% of the primary route of catabolism of tryptophan through the KP (3). TDO2 is upregulated in extrahepatic tumors (4-6) and is consequently a target in cancer immunotherapy (7). TDO2 is a therapeutic target in brain disease such as schizophrenia, Alzheimers disease, multiple sclerosis and glioma (8-11) due to its role in the regulation of levels of critical biologically active downstream KP metabolites (3). Polymorphisms in the TDO2 gene have been implicated for a role in behavioural responses and autism (12,13).

References

Lewis-Ballester, A. et al. (2016) Sci. Rep. 6:35169.
Rafice, S.A. et al. (2009) Biochem. Soc. Trans. 37:408.
Badawy, A. (2017) Int J. Tryptophan Res. 10:1.
Pilotte, L. et al. (2012) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109:2497.
D'Amato, N.C. et al. (2015) Cancer Res. 75:4651.
Yu, C.P et al. (2017) Med. Oncol. 34:73.
Platten, et al. (2015) Front. Immunol. 5:673.
Breda, C. et al. (2016) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 113:5435.
Yu, C.P. et al. (2016) Metab. Brain Dis. 31:737.
Lanz. T.V. et al. (2017) Sci. Rep. 7:41271.
Reus, G.Z. et al. (2018) Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 81:55.
Soichot, M. et al. (2013) Alcohol Alcohol 48:415.
Nabi, R. et al. (2004) Am. J. Med. Genet. B. Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 125B:63.

Long Name

Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase

Entrez Gene IDs

6999 (Human); 56720 (Mouse); 64206 (Rat)

Alternate Names

chky; TDO; TDO2; TDOTO; TO; TPH2EC 1.13.11.11; TRPO; TRPOtryptophanase; Tryptamin 2,3-dioxygenase; tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase; Tryptophan Oxygenase; Tryptophan Pyrrolase; Tryptophanase