Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

Validated:

Human

Cited:

Human, Mouse

Applications

Validated:

Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot, ELISA Capture (Matched Antibody Pair), Neutralization

Cited:

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin, Western Blot, Neutralization, Immunocytochemistry, Immunoprecipitation, ELISA Capture, ELISA Microarray Development, Immunodepletion

Label

Unconjugated

Antibody Source

Polyclonal Goat IgG
View all TGF-alpha Primary Antibodies »

Product Specifications

Immunogen

E. coli-derived recombinant human TGF-alpha
Val40-Ala89
Accession # P01135

Specificity

Detects human TGF-alpha in ELISAs and Western blots. In sandwich immunoassays, less than 0.05% cross‑reactivity with recombinant human (rh) TGF‑ beta 1, rhAmphiregulin, rhBetacellulin, rhEGF, rhHRG-alpha, and rhSMDF is observed.

Clonality

Polyclonal

Host

Goat

Isotype

IgG

Endotoxin Level

<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.

Scientific Data Images for Human TGF‑ alpha Antibody

Cell Proliferation Induced by TGF‑ alpha and Neutralization by Human TGF‑ alpha Antibody.

Cell Proliferation Induced by TGF‑ alpha and Neutralization by Human TGF‑ alpha Antibody.

Recombinant Human TGF-a (Catalog # 239-A) stimulates proliferation in the Balb/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). Proliferation elicited by Recombinant Human TGF-a (3 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Goat Anti-Human TGF-a Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF-239-NA). The ND50 is typically 0.15-0.75 µg/mL.

TGF‑a antibody in Human Astrocytoma by Immunohistochemistry (IHC-P).

TGF‑ alpha in Human Astrocytoma.

TGF-a was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human astrocytoma using 15 µg/mL Goat Anti-Human TGF-a Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF-239-NA) overnight at 4 °C. Before incubation with the primary antibody tissue was subjected to heat-induced epitope retrieval using Antigen Retrieval Reagent-Basic (Catalog # CTS013). Tissue was stained with the Anti-Goat HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; Catalog # CTS008) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). View our protocol for Chromogenic IHC Staining of Paraffin-embedded Tissue Sections.

TGF-a antibody in Human Astrocytoma by Immunohistochemistry (IHC-P).

TGF-alpha in Human Astrocytoma.

TGF-a was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human astrocytoma using Goat Anti-Human TGF-a Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF-239-NA) at 15 µg/mL overnight at 4 °C. Tissue was stained using the Anti-Goat HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; Catalog # CTS008) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). Lower panel shows a lack of labeling if primary antibodies are omitted and tissue is stained only with secondary antibody followed by incubation with detection reagents. View our protocol for Chromogenic IHC Staining of Paraffin-embedded Tissue Sections.

Detection of Mouse TGF-alpha by Western Blot

Detection of Mouse TGF-alpha by Western Blot

Dynamic expression and processing of Tgf-alpha and Hb-egf during multistep pancreatic neuroendocrine tumorigenesis (PNET). (A) Relative expression of Egf family members in cDNAs prepared from total RNA extracts of successive stages of neoplastic progression (NI = normal islets; HI = hyperplastic islets; AI = angiogenic islets; IT = islet tumors). Levels of mRNAs are expressed as a percentage of the mGus control mRNA. (B) Western blot analysis of the various forms of Tgf-alpha polypeptides in total protein extracts from successive stages of disease progression. (C) Analogous Western blot analysis of the various forms of Hb-egf polypeptides in total protein extracts from the successive disease stages. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20975924), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

Applications for Human TGF‑ alpha Antibody

Application
Recommended Usage

Immunohistochemistry

5-15 µg/mL
Sample: Immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human astrocytoma subjected to Antigen Retrieval Reagent-Basic (Catalog # CTS013)

Western Blot

0.1 µg/mL
Sample: Recombinant Human TGF-alpha (Catalog # 239-A)

Neutralization

Measured by its ability to neutralize TGF‑ alpha -induced proliferation in the Balb/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line. The Neutralization Dose (ND50) is typically 0.15-0.75 μg/mL in the presence of 3 ng/mL Recombinant Human TGF‑ alpha.

Human TGF-alpha Sandwich Immunoassay

ELISA Capture (Matched Antibody Pair)
Recommended Concentration: 0.2-0.8 µg/mL
Use in combination with these reagents:
  • Detection Reagent: Human TGF‑ alpha Biotinylated Antibody (Catalog # BAF239)
  • Standard: Recombinant Human TGF-alpha Protein, CF (Catalog # 239-A)
Please Note: Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

Antigen Affinity-purified

Reconstitution

Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS. For liquid material, refer to CoA for concentration.

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.

Shipping

Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient temperature. Liquid small pack size (-SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Calculators

The reconstitution calculator allows you to quickly calculate the volume of a reagent to reconstitute your vial. Simply enter the mass of reagent and the target concentration and the calculator will determine the rest.

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Background: TGF-alpha

TGF-alpha was originally isolated from the conditioned media of oncogenically transformed cells as an EGF-like bioactivity. TGF-alpha is a member of the EGF family of cytokines that are synthesized as transmembrane precursors and are characterized by the presence of one or several EGF structural units in their extracellular domain. The soluble forms of these cytokines are released from the transmembrane protein by proteolytic cleavage. Membrane-bound proTGF-alpha is biologically active and seems to play a role in mediation of cell-cell adhesion and in juxtacrine stimulation of adjacent cells. Expression of TGF-alpha is widespread in tumors and transformed cells. TGF-alpha is also expressed in normal tissues during embryogenesis and in adult tissues, including pituitary, brain, keratinocytes and macrophages. Mature TGF-alpha  shows approximately 93% amino acid sequence identity with mouse or rat TGF-alpha and is not species specific in its biological effects.

TGF-alpha binds to the EGF receptor and activates the receptor tyrosine kinase. Accordingly, TGF-alpha shows a similar potency to EGF as a mitogen for fibroblasts and as an inducer of epithelial development in vivo. TGF-alpha is reportedly more potent than EGF as an angiogenic factor in vivo and as a stimulator for keratinocyte migration. The EGF receptor gene represents the cellular homologue of the avian v-erb-B oncogene.

Long Name

Transforming Growth Factor alpha

Alternate Names

TGFA, TGFalpha

Entrez Gene IDs

7039 (Human)

Gene Symbol

TGFA

UniProt

P01135

Additional TGF-alpha Products

Product Documents for Human TGF‑ alpha Antibody

Certificate of Analysis

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Product Specific Notices for Human TGF‑ alpha Antibody

For research use only

Citations for Human TGF‑ alpha Antibody

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Protocols

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